LineSpeakerSt TimeContentEn Time
1DCB_int_010.3582And1.1926
3 1.3427What do you consider your hometown?2.7400 
4DCB_se1_ag4_m_013.0928Washington DC.3.8492
5DCB_int_014.3364What neighborhood?5.1137
6DCB_se1_ag4_m_015.5570Uh,5.9171
8 6.2613Bloomingdale.6.8696 
9DCB_int_017.0897Bloomingdale, and where is that?8.4223
10DCB_se1_ag4_m_018.8540It's uh, n- it's right above a area called LeDroit Park it's um, actually,13.6122
12 14.2961uh,14.7214 
14 17.4856it's on W Street by /sub-/19.3814 
16 20.2926between Michigan Avenue and Florida Avenues uh, and between24.4363 
18 25.4323North- I think between North Capital27.4332 
20 27.6093and28.2776 
22 28.9539Second Street I'm not sure I think Second [Street.]31.0927 
23DCB_int_0130.8326[Northwest?]31.7050
24DCB_se1_ag4_m_0131.8926Northwest32.3928
25DCB_int_0132.3368[Northwest?]33.0051
26DCB_se1_ag4_m_0132.6209[Yeah, it's] Northwest.33.6134
27DCB_int_0135.4342And how long have you been in The District?37.0087
28DCB_se1_ag4_m_0137.5090<clears throat>37.8276
30 38.0452Been here all my life, sixty one years.39.4899 
31DCB_int_0141.8608And you've lived no other place?43.1394
32DCB_se1_ag4_m_0143.5611Nope.43.8612
33DCB_int_0143.8172Nope.44.1092
34 44.4775And um, where'd you go to school?45.7428
35DCB_se1_ag4_m_0146.0462Uh,46.5542
37 48.0107You mean for elementary to junior high [or high school?]50.7640 
38DCB_int_0150.1357[Mm-hm, /all-/.]50.7640
39DCB_se1_ag4_m_0151.3842Um, I s- I s- I52.6546
41 52.8067initially went to m- uh, Lucretia Mott-54.4074 
43 54.9517Mott uh, Elementary.56.2103 
44DCB_int_0156.3301[Mm-hm.]56.7594
45DCB_se1_ag4_m_0157.1624Then57.4385
47 58.0188Katie C. Lewis59.1229 
49 60.5355um,61.0518 
51 61.2799Ele- Elementary.62.2764 
53 62.4844Then I was um,63.4587 
55 64.2430/RD-SCHOOL-4/ Junior High65.6190 
57 67.7624and Cardozo High.68.7758 
58DCB_int_0173.0684And what's your current occupation?74.5611
59DCB_se1_ag4_m_0174.7630Uh, community health worker.76.0476
60DCB_int_0181.4530What about your parents? Where were they born?82.9397
61DCB_se1_ag4_m_0183.1254Uh, Wilson County, North Carolina.84.7552
62DCB_int_0186.0758Both your parents?86.8162
63DCB_se1_ag4_m_0186.8928Yup.87.0716
64DCB_int_0192.0193And what did your parents do for a living?93.9482
65DCB_se1_ag4_m_0194.1843<clears throat> My mom worked for um,96.0870
67 97.1275uh,97.6021 
69 98.0759the98.4601 
71 98.7460Catholic nuns at Dominican House of Studies100.9470 
73 102.5193uh, as a- k- as a utility worker like kitchen- kitchen aid.105.9609 
74DCB_int_01110.6146Mm-hm.111.1028
75DCB_se1_ag4_m_01112.6933My dad was a truck driver and landscaper for um,115.1962
77 115.4323National Arboretum.116.3443 
79 120.9464Also a taxi driver.122.0091 
80DCB_int_01124.9935So tell me-125.8659
81DCB_se1_ag4_m_01126.0620<clears throat>126.3421
82DCB_int_01126.7503I'm gonna stop writing now.128.2889
84 130.4259So tell me a little bit about132.8150 
86 133.2850your childhood home, what you remember, your neighborhood.136.3410 
87DCB_se1_ag4_m_01136.9822Alright.137.2369
89 137.3744G- uh, growing up, uh, basically we grew up in, uh,140.2064 
91 141.1997Bloomingdale ar- area of Washington DC in Northwest uh, not far behind University.145.4530 
93 146.0335Uh, I had, um-147.2260 
95 148.4546had three sisters and four brothers and one half brother152.2159 
97 152.8241who didn't live with us, he lived in Richmond, Virginia pretty much, uh,155.6855 
99 156.7157my mom and dad, um,158.2382 
101 158.3863they were in the home159.3027 
103 159.5268and160.0161 
105 160.8514we, um,161.6335 
107 162.2698pretty much born- our ages range,164.6192 
109 165.1569uh, in- in years from nineteen167.3980 
111 167.6016forty-seven my oldest brother being born to169.8586 
113 170.2268nineteen fifty-eight my baby brother being born so like I say it's f-173.1779 
115 173.6061four boys three girls174.6284 
117 174.9388primarily.175.4854 
119 176.2291Um,176.8398 
121 177.6436pretty much had like a close knit family.179.6045 
123 180.1545Uh, we-181.2158 
125 181.5151as brothers and sisters we had our182.9358 
127 183.3257differences we had our squabbles,185.1786 
129 185.7228um,186.3228 
131 186.7108we had our distances between each other and then we had our closeness amongst190.1724 
133 190.6282s- you know, certain uh,192.7735 
135 193.5255pairs194.1015 
137 194.3859amongst us you know, um,195.5286 
139 195.9244my baby sister and I, we were real close.197.9733 
141 198.5531Um, my um,199.7998 
143 200.4860my200.6781 
145 201.0063older s- one of my older sisters- my middle203.0192 
147 203.2073uh, older sister and my204.3918 
149 204.8876brother that was uh,205.8196 
151 206.1442one- that was two years older than I was they were really close.208.9575 
153 209.5413And uh,210.1853 
155 210.4217my oldest two brothers they weren't really close but they did things together.213.9604 
157 214.6397And um,215.5690 
159 216.3080they weren't really close they kind of like went their own217.8887 
161 218.2609ways.218.9892 
163 219.5472So like and then my baby brother he was kind of like independent because he was the baby boy so224.0871 
165 224.5171he was kind of like sheltered a little bit and um,226.9889 
167 228.5905so my mom and dad raised us you know and they worked hard they uh, pretty much231.6959 
169 231.8360took care of us the best they could.233.0526 
171 233.1682But we um,234.3447 
173 235.0930we were-235.8694 
175 236.0175we weren't236.4577 
177 236.5857well off we weren't-237.5166 
179 237.6662we weren't like uh,238.6707 
181 239.0646well to do.239.7433 
183 240.2132My father was a hard worker we uh,241.8239 
185 242.4040sometimes uh, didn't have244.0327 
187 244.5765uh,244.9485 
189 245.6210an abundance of food where we had enough to eat.247.5939 
191 247.9421Uh,248.3167 
193 248.6201sometimes my mother would like struggle to-250.4370 
195 250.9270we didn't have cereal she would like make us uh,252.9959 
197 253.4361what we call like um,254.4788 
199 255.3646saltine crackers, little sugar and a little water, that would be our cereal.259.0419 
201 259.2001You know uh, either260.3767 
203 260.7969we would get government rations like what they call govment- gov- govment cheese not government, go- govment.265.9708 
205 266.5110Govment cheese267.5315 
207 267.6636um,268.0477 
209 269.1678and pork in the cans.270.9806 
211 271.5329Um, she would get, uh, powdered milk,273.6859 
213 274.3537uh, powder eggs those type of things just to supplement277.3311 
215 277.8033food.278.2687 
217 278.9016And we did that f- for a little bit.280.5161 
219 280.9483But my father pretty much was a good provider, took care of us.283.5615 
221 283.9813Made sure we had,284.7773 
223 285.0538you know, food in the house to eat,286.4464 
225 287.1787clothes on our back.288.0191 
227 288.2312We pretty much289.0432 
229 289.7155would get uh, our school clothes every summer around about August,293.4652 
231 294.0295school- you know enough294.9476 
233 295.0677you know, maybe like a pair of shoes, couple pair of pants, couple of shirts.297.9290 
235 298.3087Just to you know go to school, we have some fresh clothes to go back to school with.301.2458 
237 301.8544Uh,302.2517 
239 302.4182it was a lot of uh, mouths to feed and a lot of clothes to buy for kids, uh, eight kids so.306.7722 
241 307.5521Uh, they did the best they could. Then we309.7331 
243 310.7616grew up, uh, f-311.8261 
245 311.9221from the312.5624 
247 312.9844during the fifties314.1249 
249 314.8012and- and the sixties,316.5639 
251 317.0960relatively318.0560 
253 318.8364great life, you know, uh,320.9375 
255 321.5656you know /maybe/ like watch TV, go to school,324.7310 
257 325.2891have fun, play with our friends,327.2941 
259 327.7938you know, pretty much, uh, everything was really really good you know and uh,331.4795 
261 332.4755then I think the things started changing around about nineteen s- well,336.3088 
263 337.1315can I go back a little bit? Uh, remember339.0827 
265 339.5704primarily for- for my- for me,341.0791 
267 341.5170I remember some major incidences happening in344.0662 
269 344.4121the sixties and that was uh,345.7728 
271 346.4771some stuff having to do with the Civil Rights Movement348.5118 
273 348.8680and also with uh,350.2206 
275 350.9084the assassinations of people like Malcolm X and Medgar Evers,354.0003 
277 354.5741um,355.1064 
279 355.6862the murder of Medgar Evers,356.8307 
281 357.3830assassination of Malcolm X and also uh,359.6443 
283 360.3101Martin Luther King and John- and Robert F. Kennedy.362.4421 
285 363.0514Uh, and John Kennedy also nineteen sixty three that was a major- that was a big thing, my mom really was hurt367.2514 
287 367.6370by him- him being assassinated as President of the United States.369.9119 
289 370.4859So um, those are like turbulent times during the Civil Rights era.373.7634 
291 374.3952and with Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement uh,377.3056 
293 377.7328so we knew that although we-379.5074 
295 379.6274we were survivors, we were surviving as a family,381.9379 
297 382.4243we still had uh,383.5008 
299 383.6968a lot384.0730 
301 384.4572to struggle for in terms of like being black386.4479 
303 387.2843in America and being black in DC and also389.9055 
305 390.3732uh,390.7374 
307 390.8535being uh,391.4215 
309 392.1180how do you say it?392.5767 
311 393.0785Uh, having to deal with394.4705 
313 395.0532struggles of m- uh,396.1217 
315 397.0198you know, work, you know, trying to get jobs and399.1463 
317 399.5890you know, just trying to survive,401.2157 
319 401.3734so.401.6841 
321 402.4859Nineteen sixty eight when King was assassinated you know how long,406.6124 
323 406.9875you know,407.2955 
325 407.8639prior to King being assassinated409.4293 
327 409.8929you know as a k- child, as a young, young, young, young, young uh,413.3202 
329 413.6084teenager414.1030 
331 414.5844I noticed, uh, well I was- /I-/ not even a teenager then but I was still like adolescent,418.2901 
333 418.9859noticed that there was uh,420.1313 
335 421.3990a lot of drugs422.2795 
337 422.4035flowing through- through the city.423.6377 
339 424.1843Pri- primarily heroin.425.4070 
341 426.0447Uh, marijuana too, you know, so428.3098 
343 428.5619most people that used drugs they e-430.3787 
345 430.7785either did marijuana. And then there were some- there were some people that were- we called the junkies that did the heroin.435.7888 
347 436.5207But uh, even though they were /?/ called junkies, well they still were respected because you know we- we knew that they were like functional addicts442.3011 
349 442.6288as they say you know there,443.8734 
351 444.3376there were certain people that uh, we knew446.0864 
353 446.2625either had jobs or either they hustled448.5035 
355 448.9695you know449.4177 
357 449.6476to support their habits so we looked up to them because they,452.3769 
359 452.8308you know they weren't-453.5881 
361 453.6952they weren't really asking anybody for anything they was like you know getting it on their own.457.0568 
363 458.0488So um,458.6594 
365 459.3334we used to like460.2155 
367 461.1280look at them and kind of462.2365 
369 462.3445sort of like feel like that463.5851 
371 463.7212that wasn't us but464.6736 
373 465.2294uh, s- around that time467.1223 
375 467.5465a lot-467.9518 
377 468.3668a lot more people started doing it and younger people started doing it.470.8698 
379 471.3340And eventually when the riots- /or/ when the riots came after King's assassination,474.8974 
381 475.3532you know a lot of time my brothers they were- they were- they were into snorting heroin478.8571 
383 479.3488and eventually I got into it myself.481.4697 
385 482.4720And I got into it uh,483.4764 
387 483.9006after-484.5406 
389 485.2528after about a year or so of snorting, you know, I decided to start injecting heroin.489.6381 
391 490.0266You know cause my other friends they had- they had started injecting be- right before I did493.0600 
393 493.5322and they- they were just494.3806 
395 494.6625uh,494.9638 
397 496.0071coaxing me to-496.6857 
399 496.9515to do the same thing.497.9240 
401 498.4918And I went along with the crowd and started injecting heroin too.501.4571 
403 501.8974So that's when the- the bad years, you know, started to c- y- you know creep in.505.9770 
405 506.4608Cause although we were like smoking marijuana, you know, drinking beer and all this kind of stuff510.3701 
407 511.1429uh, doing the heroin eventually got to the point- it got to the point where514.8144 
409 515.2702uh,515.6423 
411 515.9024I had a habit, my brother had a habit you know and518.3236 
413 518.6517lot of o- lot of the other guys had habits that we d- that we dealt with.521.4717 
415 522.3770So uh,522.9733 
417 523.8594we spent a lot of years524.9839 
419 525.3761supporting our heroin habits.526.7047 
421 526.8128And my mom, she wasn't-527.9075 
423 528.3691she wasn't um-529.2477 
425 531.3544she- she didn't really try to stop it533.4274 
427 533.6172you know because she didn't really understand536.0146 
429 536.4141the nature of what we were dealing with.537.8547 
431 537.9388[We hid it.] We kind of masked it.539.4075 
432DCB_int_01538.0108[Mm-hm.]538.5071
433DCB_se1_ag4_m_01539.9917Uh, and she didn't know that w- w- we had heroin habits that we were like543.5431
435 543.8989suffering with heroin habits being sick and needing- needing to /uh/546.7762 
437 547.2884you know steal and548.4457 
439 549.0648you know scheme to get our money to get our heroin.551.3378 
441 551.4979Uh,551.9552 
443 552.6224so she really didn't know-554.1384 
445 554.2890know, uh,555.2454 
447 555.3495what we were dealing with.556.1961 
449 556.7256She knew that we smoked weed and we were smoking- growing it in the backyard in the- in the- in the alley or whatever.561.6959 
451 562.0241We were coming out she would smell it on us and she would like you know-564.4848 
453 565.1531you know say how she was- how she didn't- she hated that we smoked that stuff.568.5582 
455 569.2385But you know my father- she wouldn't tell my father because she wanted to protect us from my father cause my father was a strict-574.1025 
457 574.6828strict disciplinarian when- if he found out /if we-/ we- we were- we were doing something like that, you know,578.7624 
459 579.3102uh, he w- you know he woulda came down hard on us so she kept it from him.582.6486 
461 583.1658And by him not really knowing what was going on, uh,585.5869 
463 586.3370pretty much- it went on unchecked.587.9137 
464DCB_int_01588.4197Mm.588.7451
465DCB_se1_ag4_m_01589.1481So uh,589.9805
467 590.1646so that's how it pretty much was um-592.0174 
469 592.8813so /also/ my old- one of my older brothers second from my oldest uh, he-596.4654 
471 596.9148he eventually uh- he had a good job working at the printing office as a, um,600.1414 
473 600.9384you know um, as- I can't s- /he-/ think he was doing some kind of printing work with the604.2759 
475 604.5378printing office.605.1101 
477 605.5623He eventually606.3146 
479 606.5725started607.1499 
481 607.6290you know injecting too608.7153 
483 608.8594along with me and my other bro- my brother /that was/ one-610.7602 
485 610.9443two years older than uh, myself.612.3686 
487 612.9688So613.2901 
489 613.8092we all were injecting together. So we pretty much stayed together us three.616.9705 
491 617.4669You know uh,618.5922 
493 618.8070you know619.2472 
495 619.7795scheming and hustling and- and you know doing what we could to get money you know to support our heroin habits.624.4092 
497 624.8254My oldest brother was a metropolitan police officer, he was uh,627.3825 
499 627.6787he was a Vietnam War vet from the nine- from the s- uh, sixty seven,630.9707 
501 631.4319sixty six, sixty seven. He came home,633.5319 
503 633.9789he, uh, got a job as a metropolitan police officer.636.3618 
505 636.5418He worked for-637.2832 
507 637.7984he worked as a metropolitan police officer for some years and then he eventually was uh, kind of railroaded642.2543 
509 642.6820out of the police department, he eventually sued them645.1231 
511 645.4713and uh, won his lawsuit646.7959 
513 647.1796and was reinstated.648.0449 
515 648.7924And he uh, he worked til uh, til his retirement in nineteen ninety eight.652.3454 
517 652.8840Five years after his retirement in two thousand three,655.1547 
519 655.6328you know, he- he had a heart attack.656.9342 
521 657.0695[You know passed] away at fifty four.658.2180 
522DCB_int_01657.1135[Mm.]657.5309
523DCB_se1_ag4_m_01659.0242Um,659.3482
525 660.3488I had, uh, my brother that I used heroin with for,662.9737 
527 663.4257uh, for all those years m- from the665.7175 
529 666.1910late sixties like, early seventies,668.5161 
531 668.6717you know into the-669.4624 
533 669.8402into the uh, eighties671.0728 
535 671.2009uh,671.6462 
537 672.3374he suffered a-673.4779 
539 674.2898he suffered a stroke675.3499 
541 676.1747in676.7390 
543 677.7434ninety679.1634 
545 679.7079one.680.0466 
547 680.7924In ninety one and um,682.2354 
549 682.5972he had uh, gotten clean off of heroin uh, somewhere around about nineteen-686.0492 
551 686.5466I think around about nineteen eighty688.3746 
553 688.5453eight or eighty nine somewhere /about-/ around eighty nine he had got clean.691.8546 
555 692.3888Uh, so he was clean from like eighty-nine up until the time uh, of his death because he contracted AIDS the HIV virus.697.7891 
557 698.3489HIV AIDS in nineteen eighty-four he found out he had the vi- the virus HIV AIDS.702.3328 
559 703.2449And um,703.7836 
561 704.9035he had- he suffered a stroke in706.2841 
563 706.5562ninety-one, November and then707.8768 
565 708.3486uh, he was then hospitalized and then they found he had other complications going on,711.5421 
567 712.0143and they-712.4530 
569 712.9965mm with the virus he- they started giving him /AGT/ and eventually716.0472 
571 716.4399he kind of like you know it- it took it's toll on his body.718.9452 
573 719.3888And January twenty fourth of nineteen ninety two he passed away.722.4902 
575 722.9824<clears throat> My father was having complications with COPD,725.3711 
577 725.8953you know c- um,726.7567 
579 727.4640you know it's like /where-/ it's like728.7734 
581 730.4330it's called- I think it's called COPD uh, /??/732.6780 
583 733.3463COPD car- cardio735.0156 
585 735.3148obstruction pulmonary something uh, disorder.737.3477 
587 737.5198Something like that.738.1464 
589 739.0485But uh,739.5047 
591 739.7408he-740.2768 
593 740.9689it's a respiratory disease, I have it myself so uh, he-743.7556 
595 744.1064he was having problems with his respiratory disease, he had smoked for like about fifty something years.748.0144 
597 748.5399Or sixty years and um,749.8973 
599 750.3155<ts>750.3736 
601 750.5516my father like about seventy one I think when he died,752.9037 
603 753.4778he died like four months after my brother died in ninety two.756.0270 
605 756.1586You know, from- from the uh, respiratory disease.758.0994 
607 758.7197<clears throat> So um,759.7157 
609 760.5544pretty much um, <clears throat>761.8710 
611 763.4415my sisters they didn't- they didn't have those765.9466 
613 766.0557problems I did have one sister that-767.6564 
615 767.8325that used- uh, snorted heroin for a while,770.9885 
617 771.2064um,771.7546 
619 772.5750she snorted for a short period of time774.5199 
621 774.7675and uh,775.2649 
623 775.6359she had certain- some friends that she hung with777.7169 
625 778.1971that- that did it, you know, but she didn't- she didn't actually do it with us.781.4124 
627 781.8624But she did it with her friends,783.2790 
629 783.6592and then she did heroin for a while, she snorted she never shot.786.5543 
631 787.1021But eventually when she went from uh, heroin-789.8794 
633 790.1475snorting heroin to c- uh,791.6062 
635 792.5326wasn't crack cocaine but it was freebasing.794.2433 
637 794.6411You know794.9813 
639 795.2934the difference between freebasing and crack cocaine is like797.6203 
641 797.9844freebasing you pretty much799.1049 
643 799.5492you prepare it yourself.800.5936 
645 800.9093You know.801.2493 
647 801.7897You have to know how to cook it up you have to know what ingredients to put in,804.3039 
649 804.7351in the- in the- uh, the water and everything and807.5498 
651 807.9944uh, what to add.809.1127 
653 809.7169So she was th- she was freebasing so811.8619 
655 812.3599freebasing,813.0723 
657 813.2563preparing it herself,814.3809 
659 814.7886and she did that for a while eventually she uh,817.1129 
661 817.7780then she stop- stopped doing that in like820.0630 
663 820.5028/it was/ uh, nineteen-821.8114 
665 823.2881think somewhere around nineteen eighty six.825.6121 
667 826.5513Because yeah, she was doing it back in the um-828.7007 
669 829.2601in like the early eighties.830.3566 
670DCB_int_01830.4767[Mm.]830.8329
671DCB_se1_ag4_m_01830.6328[And-] and uh,831.5648
672 832.7715I think she stopped doing it in like nineteen eighty six and uh,835.1046
674 835.4585I started uh, freebasing at nineteen eighty-eight my mother had a heart attack, massive heart attack, she died.840.5507 
676 841.1207Um, cause she died like four years before my dad and my brother.843.3377 
678 844.0278My mom, she had a massive heart attack in eighty eight, I was- we were-846.9149 
680 847.0190my brothers and I m- I-848.5677 
682 848.9416even my brother had passed in ninety two850.5343 
684 850.8820he was still alive then.851.9505 
686 852.5148And my other- my second oldest brother we were shooting heroin but we were shooting856.0885 
688 856.2205powder cocaine too.857.2850 
690 857.9929So we were shooting powder cocaine and- and uh, around that time in nineteen eighty eight861.8551 
692 862.6586uh,863.1308 
694 864.0952for a short period of time,865.4672 
696 866.6622uh,867.1542 
698 867.5306they- it-868.1039 
700 868.2549we were shooting powder cocaine869.8237 
702 870.1776in maybe like eighty-871.5382 
704 872.2581think we was shooting powder cocaine at eighty six, eighty seven, eighty eight.875.2084 
706 875.7317And um,876.2159 
708 877.1821that-877.5941 
710 877.7224then uh,878.4565 
712 878.5966the- the young- y- what do you call 'em, the youngsters, you know young guys882.1480 
714 882.5281they were switching over to883.8539 
716 884.0088rock cocaine it was /right-/ Rayful Edmonds period.885.9075 
718 886.4557You know Rayful Edmonds you remember- you heard of him, right?888.2931 
719DCB_int_01888.4722Mm-mm.888.9135
720DCB_se1_ag4_m_01889.1485Rayful Edmonds was like a drug kingpin in Washington DC he was pretty much like a her- uh,892.8885
722 893.7044cocaine894.3644 
724 894.6488kingpin895.2675 
726 895.4252uh,895.8134 
728 896.5012trafficker and everything he, uh,898.2100 
730 898.3981pretty much had a c- had a monopoly on like the cocaine market.901.4900 
732 901.9535He was like the big- the big- the big shot in DC that was like transporting,905.5707 
734 905.8771uh,906.2184 
736 906.5209cocaine from like California to DC.908.5259 
738 908.9020You know having it come in in kilos every- every- every week.911.4819 
740 911.9732And uh,912.4319 
742 912.9257a lot- lot of the guys in DC that were selling crack cocaine back in the eight-916.4468 
744 916.6189uh, late eighties, early nineties918.1442 
746 918.6038they w- uh,919.1985 
748 919.5420they actually-920.1023 
750 920.7226well late eighties primarily, they were like actually uh, selling it923.8658 
752 924.3398uh,924.6479 
754 925.1201selling powder cocaine too they were selling it because927.3812 
756 927.5871uh, from what Rayful Edmonds had brought in.929.1798 
758 929.8699So he was the- he was the her- he was the ki- uh,931.6627 
760 931.7708the cocaine, uh,932.7992 
762 932.8953kingpin.933.4014 
764 934.1474And eventually they- I think they busted him around about eighty nine somewhere around the time I was- I was incarcerated cause I got locked up in eighty-940.0759 
766 940.5721eighty-nine, I stayed locked up for seven months so while I was incarcerated,943.6633 
768 944.0751uh, we heard about Rayful had got busted.945.6278 
770 946.1720And he turned a lot of evidence on947.5047 
772 947.8448a lot of the people that948.5932 
774 948.7990were asso- were associated with him.950.1917 
776 950.6279So a lot of people went down,951.9239 
778 952.4122you know, as a result of him953.3296 
780 953.6328getting locked up.954.4172 
782 955.2696But like I say when a-956.1420 
784 956.2776when a young956.7978 
786 956.9979guy starts switching from958.2465 
788 958.7627powder cocaine to crack cocaine in nineteen eighty eight961.1251 
790 961.8619um,962.4619 
792 963.4747that was like the year my mom died I was- I was shooting cocaine, the night my mom died I was shooting cocaine all night long.968.3605 
794 969.0888Uh, you know just to numb myself against, you know,971.0657 
796 972.1257the, you know, grief of her passing.973.4964 
798 974.1026But um,974.6466 
800 975.5291we started like uh-976.8377 
802 977.3059they started selling the crack cocaine I said I would never do it because I remember my sister used to freebase, I used to smell it,981.7617 
804 982.1157and I would say I- I would never do it.983.4723 
806 984.0663/When they/, uh,985.4110 
808 986.0850the crack cocaine they started987.5217 
810 987.8739selling that, people were smoking it.989.4106 
812 989.8143You know I thought it was stupid, you know um,991.8610 
814 992.4435eventually I saw it as a means of like me hustling and selling some of it,995.6027 
816 996.2248you know support my heroin habit, you know, and um,998.6981 
818 999.1622I did it for a minute but eventually1000.8647 
820 1001.2804I w- I tr- started trying it myself but I didn't know what- what to look for in the high, didn't know what to expect from the high so I was smoking it.1006.5949 
822 1007.0089So I was with this girl one da- one night,1008.5376 
824 1008.8937and uh,1009.3219 
826 1009.7879she and I were like having sex together and we was like you know,1012.0009 
828 1012.2668getting high together and I was smoking the crack and I was saying,1014.5561 
830 1014.9138what- you know, what /do you-/ what are you supposed to get from it? She kept telling me,1017.9112 
832 1018.3732you know I was gonna feel it, I was gonna get something from it, just keep smoking it.1021.3666 
834 1021.7925So I kept smoking it, I really didn't- didn't- didn't- didn't1024.3115 
836 1024.5294feel anything because1025.5734 
838 1026.1101uh, I didn't know what to look for.1027.3394 
840 1027.5187You know?1027.9309 
842 1028.0270And1028.4592 
844 1028.6908it- it just- it didn't hit me- it didn't hit me right away.1030.8160 
846 1031.3360But uh, after I smoked it for a period of time eventually1035.0275 
848 1035.4735I started to kn- to you know know what to expect from it,1037.8146 
850 1038.0427you know, so.1038.6720 
852 1039.3170Uh,1039.8613 
854 1040.0534from nineteen-1041.2019 
856 1041.4656I say around nineteen1042.4629 
858 1043.1704uh-1043.6984 
860 1044.4950let's see nineteen eighty eight-1045.8123 
862 1046.6858yeah nineteen eighty eight to uh-1048.7671 
864 1050.2212on up to1050.9358 
866 1051.3697ninety seven1052.1644 
868 1052.7041you know I was pretty much1054.1487 
870 1054.2888doing-1054.9328 
872 1055.6090/I mean- I'm even/ I was locked up in eighty nine for seven months but from nineteen eighty eight to1059.4027 
874 1059.7829ninety seven I was pretty much doing1061.5735 
876 1062.1618heroin, shooting heroin,1063.7777 
878 1064.0742uh, and smoking crack cocaine.1066.1222 
880 1066.5193You know,1066.7980 
882 1067.0115I wasn't really smoking any more reefer at that time too much.1069.7426 
884 1070.3326You know, occasionally. That wasn't- that wasn't- that was no longer1072.9562 
886 1073.3638uh, a t- a choice drug for me cause I was doing the hard stuff.1076.1423 
888 1077.1091So I did that for a while but uh,1078.8410 
890 1079.0459kind of left out one part.1080.1726 
892 1080.7445You know, in nineteen seventy two,1083.6699 
894 1084.3382um,1084.7383 
896 1085.7424my brothers, you know, we-1086.9730 
898 1087.8833we did the heroin for a lot of years but1089.9483 
900 1090.4481my brother that was two years older than me1092.2089 
902 1092.4010we used to hang together and we hung with some guys and1094.5700 
904 1095.1280um,1095.6002 
906 1095.7843uh,1096.1405 
908 1096.6167back in nineteen1097.7114 
910 1098.4153seventy-1099.1756 
912 1099.4918around s-1101.0125 
914 1101.4802around nineteen seventy one-1102.9689 
916 1104.4216nineteen seventy or seventy one, there was guy in uh, in uh, DC, c- and his name was Colonel1108.3692 
918 1108.6911/Hassan/.1109.2978 
920 1109.8734And Colonel Hassan had a um,1111.6262 
922 1112.2603he was trying to like get people off of drugs,1114.5374 
924 1114.9496and he uh, had these uh,1116.5303 
926 1116.6521pills they call- they call dolophines.1118.4907 
928 1119.1550And the dolophines were like uh, more like a heroin substitute, you know, they-1123.0346 
930 1123.7687you know you took the pills and you got high but you know it wasn't- it- it wasn't- it wasn't illegal you know but he was able to like1129.6898 
932 1130.2592i- you know,1130.9712 
934 1131.1597issue out those pills, you know, to people that would sign for 'em.1134.0903 
936 1134.6808And so we would go up to this hotel called White Hotel and he had his own1138.1784 
938 1138.5342um, like uh,1139.7301 
940 1140.0148it was like military style, uh,1141.7628 
942 1142.1478uh, army of guys1143.4398 
944 1143.8361you know that had on like the green army like1146.0812 
946 1146.2933type uniforms and1147.2777 
948 1147.6659they were uh, they were his soldiers and stuff so it was Colonel Hassan's army1150.9686 
950 1151.3832you know.1151.7113 
952 1151.7994But they would like be the ones that would1153.4401 
954 1154.0319s- you know s- have us sign the forms you know to get the pills.1157.1094 
956 1157.4953So we would go over there every day and get the pills and you know /?/ we would use 'em1160.5006 
958 1161.0187until that- that program fizzled out and then we uh-1163.7894 
960 1164.4461they uh,1165.4319 
962 1165.5483brought this program in called like the NTA, that was Narcotics Treatment Association.1168.9190 
963DCB_int_011168.9837[Mm-hm.]1169.4919
964DCB_se1_ag4_m_011169.3399[They] came in, they had this /pr-/ uh,1171.5052
965 1172.1087had this pill called methadone.1173.2652
967 1173.3853Methadone was like1174.4373 
969 1174.9260um,1175.5193 
971 1175.8504it was like a pill, we called it a biscuit.1177.4563 
973 1177.5587It had like four sec- sections to it.1179.2075 
975 1179.6477So the bis- the methadone biscuit was like when you sign up for the program,1183.1595 
977 1183.5651you would go to the program,1184.7656 
979 1184.9617they would give you1185.7261 
981 1186.0622maybe like a quarter of the biscuit they would put it in1188.4131 
983 1188.7652little bit of water and they would stir it up.1190.3580 
985 1190.9240And then you would drink it and drink some orange juice behind it cause it was really nasty, right?1194.2873 
987 1194.7403So once you drink it,1195.6549 
989 1196.1907it would- it wa- it was a substitute for1198.3801 
991 1198.5241the heroin, just like it is today, methadone is a substitute for heroin1201.6481 
993 1202.0335to get people1202.7642 
995 1203.3106off of, you know, heroin dependency, you know, but then they become1206.2729 
997 1206.8203methadone dependent.1207.6643 
998DCB_int_011208.4285[Mm-hm.]1208.7933
999DCB_se1_ag4_m_011208.4765[You know.]1208.8098
1000 1209.2206But since it's legal and since it's a drug and it's legal1211.6233
1002 1211.8034then they can treat you1212.8261 
1004 1213.1718but they don't- they don't get- actually get you off of1215.3755 
1006 1216.0717you know the addiction.1217.1087 
1008 1217.3151You they /run/ from one addiction to another.1219.3284 
1010 1220.4934So we took the methadone for a while but we would buy the biscuits illegally on the street.1224.4926 
1012 1225.0398Cause people were selling methadone biscuits.1226.7225 
1014 1227.0227You know, and so you could buy a methadone pill,1229.4197 
1016 1229.9703uh,1230.3064 
1018 1231.1514then you know you- you /would/ have to be in the program but you would- there- it would keep you high1235.2534 
1020 1235.5970for a long period of time.1236.7237 
1022 1236.9461You know in the beginning of using heroin-1238.7658 
1024 1239.2363when we first started using heroin, heroin was so good it- it- if we1242.6784 
1026 1242.9811snort it- snorted or shot it1244.9064 
1028 1245.4679it would keep us high all day.1246.8458 
1030 1247.1435You know1247.5688 
1032 1247.8348I mean just from one dose.1249.0687 
1034 1249.1791You know.1249.4863 
1036 1249.9473And then as years went on, it- people started cutting it more and then1253.2645 
1038 1253.6487uh, you know making it weaker you know1255.7756 
1040 1255.9915uh,1256.3955 
1042 1256.8029you had to uh,1257.8735 
1044 1258.5745buy more and it would- it didn't last as long.1260.6193 
1046 1261.2486But with the methadone and biscuits1262.8138 
1048 1263.1019they lasted all day, sometimes they- they- you would even still1265.8026 
1050 1266.2225uh, feel the effects of it the next day.1267.8359 
1052 1268.2868You know.1268.6709 
1054 1268.9974So um,1269.8136 
1056 1270.2457we did that and then there was uh-1271.8733 
1058 1272.4109people were OD-ing off the me- off biscuits too they took too much of it.1275.1620 
1060 1275.5461We had a guy that we grew up with named /RD-NAME-2/1277.5959 
1062 1277.9512he uh,1278.5610 
1064 1279.5404he bought uh, couple of biscuits and w- he w- he took uh-1282.0754 
1066 1282.9009he took a whole biscuit1283.8035 
1068 1284.0244and1284.5573 
1070 1286.1849it didn't- he didn't feel the high come on fast enough.1288.6527 
1072 1288.7487You know it was coming down real slow.1290.1553 
1074 1290.2466It took a l-1290.7603 
1076 1291.1060took about forty five minutes to maybe like couple of hours for it to really hit you all the way.1295.1086 
1078 1295.8155So he was waiting for it to come down, the high to come down on him and he said he wasn't feeling it.1300.4125 
1080 1301.0726So he said he was gonna take the other biscuit so we told him not to take it.1303.7997 
1082 1304.0013You know.1304.3854 
1084 1304.8413So we told him just wait a while, you know don't take it so he said he wasn't gonna take it but what he did was he snuck and took it.1309.7385 
1085DCB_int_011310.5306[Mm.]1310.8306
1086DCB_se1_ag4_m_011310.5738[And he snuck] and took it and he sat down in a chair1312.6051
1087 1313.1759and when it came down on him1314.4346
1089 1314.6690nobody- everybody thought he was nod- nodding or knocked out asleep,1317.5833 
1091 1318.0202he had OD'd and he died.1319.5421 
1093 1319.7916You know.1320.1709 
1095 1320.2717So he was sitting in the chair dead and nobody really knew it.1322.2498 
1097 1322.9652Um,1323.3733 
1099 1324.5877so as the years went on I- I- I was in and out of methadone programs from nineteen- about nineteen1329.5137 
1101 1329.9936seventy two1330.8194 
1103 1331.3187or nineteen seventy four1332.4710 
1105 1332.7255somewhere around the time, in and out of methadone programs1334.9532 
1107 1335.3660from seventy two or seventy four all the way up until nineteen ninety-1338.3460 
1109 1338.7123ninety eight.1339.1736 
1111 1340.1573And I would get in the program and then I would either get kicked out for later on1343.5613 
1113 1344.0125I- I- I did okay but I would either1345.9569 
1115 1346.1633just stop going1347.3684 
1117 1347.6901and go back to shooting heroin or either as the year- as the later years came we started doing the-1351.3881 
1119 1351.9485th hero- the1352.6686 
1121 1352.8319cocaine in the eighties when I would be in the methadone program1355.0532 
1123 1355.3428I would get kicked out of the program because they find you with a- you get a dirty urine.1358.4491 
1125 1358.9002With cocaine they would kick you out of the program.1360.6842 
1127 1360.8015[So I-]1361.1616 
1128DCB_int_011360.8351[Mm.]1361.0983
1129DCB_se1_ag4_m_011361.4832I got kicked out of the methadone program I would have to wait like six months,1364.4552
1131 1364.9639you know before I could come back in.1366.1945 
1133 1367.6908So then after six months I would go back in, so then I would1370.0578 
1135 1370.3121do okay for a while and1371.4641 
1137 1371.8917I'd go back to shooting the1372.7751 
1139 1372.9816cocaine and1373.7738 
1141 1374.8442get kicked out again.1375.7132 
1143 1376.2990And uh, toward the end1377.7201 
1145 1378.7571um,1379.4651 
1147 1380.9511I think I was1382.1034 
1149 1382.5547smoking the cocaine1383.7293 
1151 1383.9133and got kicked out.1384.5662 
1153 1385.2719Yeah it was smoking the- I was- I was in the methadone program,1387.8219 
1155 1388.1622and I got kicked out for smoking the cocaine and then I even went to uh,1391.0813 
1157 1391.5804detox, used to be over at DC General, I went there.1393.7071 
1159 1394.0385I w- I went there twice.1395.1678 
1161 1395.6757First time I went1396.4050 
1163 1396.8711I wasn't ready.1397.5864 
1165 1397.8889Uh, went right1398.5707 
1167 1398.7675back out on the streets again,1399.9449 
1169 1400.3278start-1400.7743 
1171 1400.9039uh, got back on methadone1402.0853 
1173 1403.0883start smoking the c- uh, smoking the c- cocaine- cocaine again,1405.7682 
1175 1406.2042and got kicked out of the program again.1407.7742 
1177 1408.8542Um,1409.4102 
1179 1409.8049by that time,1410.7449 
1181 1411.6869um, I think-1412.9642 
1183 1415.5708and that was like eighty six1417.6184 
1185 1418.1395was-1418.7368 
1187 1420.2806I was in the program in eighty eight,1421.6585 
1189 1422.8972and I got kicked out and I think I was in the program again in1426.3482 
1191 1428.6053the nineties but I got kicked out1430.7147 
1193 1431.4956somewhere around ninety two or so, somewhere around there and1434.2230 
1195 1434.8275um,1435.3124 
1197 1435.7349by that time, like I say my father had died, my brother died I was staying in the house by myself.1440.1243 
1199 1440.6943My sister was staying there with me, she had a- she had a baby girl in ninety one.1444.1365 
1201 1444.6167She got out of the house because I was bringing people in the house that were a threat to her because people were coming in the house they were smoking cocaine and they were acting crazy1450.6948 
1203 1451.1508you know so she- she got out of the house1453.4170 
1205 1454.0074and um,1454.5221 
1207 1454.7228eventually1455.5294 
1209 1455.8030um,1456.1967 
1211 1456.9935my brothers and sister decided to sell the house cause my father- there was a lean against the house you know my father taking out /it's/ like thirty thousand dollar loans on the house.1463.5758 
1213 1464.0126He was dead the house was uh,1465.4259 
1215 1465.9715/they were late/ uh,1466.7731 
1217 1466.9508the1467.0996 
1219 1467.2004loan was due and everything so we's1469.3124 
1221 1469.7594they s- my brother sister decided to sell the house and you know pay the loan- the loan off and then we got some money, five thousand a piece and1475.5314 
1223 1475.8469everybody went their separate ways.1477.0040 
1225 1477.5896Uh, by that time I was homeless, in ninety three uh, December of ninety three I became homeless.1482.2419 
1227 1482.6931And I stayed homeless from like uh, ninety three1484.8441 
1229 1485.2520up until um,1486.5200 
1231 1487.4892ninety seven.1488.2093 
1233 1488.3966Around about1489.1024 
1235 1490.0434May of ninety seven.1490.9594 
1237 1491.1765You know,1491.5317 
1239 1491.6998somewhere around that- around that time.1492.9238 
1241 1493.7689And uh,1494.2778 
1243 1494.4074reason I1494.9034 
1245 1495.2908no longer1495.7325 
1247 1496.0254was homeless at- at that time was because1498.0851 
1249 1498.3587I got so sick. I- I was HIV positive too my brother was in eighty four,1501.7686 
1251 1502.0313I was diagnosed in eighty seven.1503.4553 
1253 1503.9037You know then I was redi- uh,1505.2577 
1255 1505.4161then I was rediagnosed in eighty nine.1507.2294 
1257 1507.8741But I was HIV positive too and I was uh, coming down with pneumonia.1510.8467 
1259 1511.1724So I was like selling heroin over at Northeast1513.0833 
1261 1513.6544Fourth Street Northeast, uh, helping- helping a seller I wasn't really a1516.5591 
1263 1516.9096a s- s-1517.7683 
1265 1517.8890you know actual seller.1518.9650 
1267 1519.4973You know I was1520.4719 
1269 1520.5776working with people that were selling it.1521.7696 
1270DCB_int_011522.0849Mm-hm.1522.5410
1271DCB_se1_ag4_m_011522.6467And eventually uh,1524.0054
1273 1524.2262I got s-1524.7352 
1275 1525.2393got pneumonia,1525.8993 
1277 1526.4588and1526.9094 
1279 1527.4284had to be hospitalized and when I was hospitalized, my sister uh, I c- I came out of the um,1531.2157 
1281 1531.9079hospital I went into a shelter,1533.2719 
1283 1533.4105and when I went to the shelter,1534.5964 
1285 1534.9948uh, you know the-1535.9681 
1287 1536.0655the living conditions in the shelter were you know, poor.1538.1204 
1289 1538.5042And I got sick again had to go back to the hospital, so when I went back1541.6404 
1291 1541.9899my sister had uh,1543.1592 
1293 1543.7998her and my sister-in-law had1545.0289 
1295 1545.3218you know, gotten me a room.1546.1564 
1297 1546.7427You know.1547.0920 
1299 1547.2900And uh,1547.7461 
1301 1547.9670my sister paid my rent for like about three months.1550.0910 
1303 1550.4971Cause she said if I stayed in the shelter that I was eventually gonna die cause I kept getting sick.1554.1988 
1305 1554.8515So uh, by that time when she got me- helped me get me into the uh-1558.2224 
1307 1558.9276got me into the room,1559.7569 
1309 1560.2575I had already been applying for my uh, SSI.1562.7899 
1311 1563.1908[So eventually]1563.9415 
1312DCB_int_011563.2196[Mm-hm.]1563.6997
1313DCB_se1_ag4_m_011564.3767when I got into the room, and within three months at the time, my sister's paying my rent and everything I was a- you know /going/ back and forth down1569.5186
1315 1570.0467to uh, social security1571.1413 
1317 1571.5398my SSI,1572.4328 
1319 1572.6488Supplemental Security Income had kicked in,1574.5596 
1321 1574.9821so I was able to get a check every month1576.4511 
1323 1576.5615and pay my rent.1577.6215 
1325 1578.5203I was in the- back in the methadone program,1580.4536 
1327 1580.6568wasn't using any crack cocaine,1582.6048 
1329 1583.0093wasn't smoking anything, all I did ma- I did use once1586.7638 
1331 1587.2581or twice when I was in the program.1588.8616 
1333 1589.2986But I wasn't using it regularly.1590.5228 
1335 1590.6909And I got a couple of dirty urines and1592.4625 
1337 1592.9136then I was told you know I needed to s- leave that stuff alone or else I'm gonna get kicked out again, so.1596.8890 
1339 1597.3305Stopped doing the crack cocaine, stopped doing heroin1599.7935 
1341 1599.9039and um,1600.4351 
1343 1601.9203Can't leave this part of the story out but see in nineteen ninety seven, when I was in the program I was also uh, introduced to uh, Jesus Christ in the program. I had already been- my mother and f- mother was actually a God fearing woman she always went to church you know and everything we knew- when we were kids we went to Sunday school and to church.1616.5969 
1345 1617.3072But we didn't go consistently, my father he wasn't- he wasn't a believer.1620.3500 
1346DCB_int_011620.5816Right.1620.8512
1347DCB_se1_ag4_m_011620.8649You know my mom sent us, so we- we uh, w-1623.2635
1349 1623.3517we- I knew about church, I knew about God you know I knew about faith.1626.1677 
1351 1626.7893But I didn't know enough about it but then I was always crying out for God to help me you know out of my addiction you know get me out of you know being sick and1633.2475 
1353 1633.5346having to chase dope all the time and feeling bad uh, every day and1636.6186 
1355 1636.9240having to get dope and then get the dope not really feeling1639.2574 
1357 1639.7999normal, you know once I get the dope it's- it's- it's not good enough to make me feel normal.1643.8614 
1359 1644.1878And then I had to go and try to steal some more s- stuff from people and get some more money and I would do it-1648.9362 
1361 1649.1810it was a vicious cycle me going back and forth.1650.9814 
1363 1651.4183So um,1651.9809 
1365 1652.3784in like nineteen ninety seven when I was in the program I got introduced to Jesus Christ and uh,1655.5682 
1367 1656.0175um,1656.3631 
1369 1657.2033accepted Jesus Christ as my lord and savior and uh,1659.4806 
1371 1659.6037I- I was saved. And I went1661.0039 
1373 1661.4425from uh, being a heroin addict to being you know drug free cause I1665.0194 
1375 1665.4129eventually made- made up my mind to get out of the program get off of the methadone and just be drug free.1669.7963 
1377 1670.7324You know and by nineteen ninety eight, I1672.3359 
1379 1672.4656/went the-/1672.7749 
1381 1672.9313went in the program May first nineteen ninety seven,1675.1353 
1383 1675.6918by uh, October uh,1677.4347 
1385 1678.3661third-1678.8741 
1387 1679.8302October f- third I was uh,1681.5340 
1389 1681.7315completed the program, I got out of the methadone program but I still1684.6075 
1391 1685.1610used when I got out of the program1687.1295 
1393 1687.2687and uh,1687.7776 
1395 1688.0801then I was1688.7715 
1397 1689.1507part of this uh,1689.9627 
1399 1690.1859other program called RAP.1691.2712 
1401 1691.4918It's uh, Regional Addiction Prevention.1692.9274 
1403 1693.5225I was part of that program1694.8172 
1405 1695.2317because1695.6734 
1407 1695.9615I had my housing through them.1697.1561 
1409 1698.0404In other words when I was in the methadone program I was uh,1700.2817 
1411 1700.6905living in1701.3865 
1413 1702.8605/RD-ADDRESS-6/1703.8976 
1415 1704.1520and uh,1704.8814 
1417 1705.3521then1705.7521 
1419 1706.0195because I became a part of RAP1707.3878 
1421 1707.5030Regional Addiction Prevention Program they got me-1709.4004 
1423 1709.6876/but/ I had the room at first, I had the- the room that my sister had got me,1712.2529 
1425 1712.5535then I went from there to /RD-ADDRESS-6/.1714.3722 
1427 1715.2326RAP got me into my own apartment1716.8842 
1429 1716.9850in Southeast1717.7223 
1431 1717.8348you know1718.1948 
1433 1718.3100on Orange Street Southeast,1719.4273 
1435 1719.5439Washington DC.1720.2113 
1437 1720.6865Stayed in there for like about a year1722.3331 
1439 1722.6213and um,1723.1627 
1441 1724.4600that was like nineteen ninety seven to nineteen ninety eight, and then1727.3460 
1443 1727.9360um,1728.5359 
1445 1729.2465when they1729.6450 
1447 1729.7746found I had used, they got me- they put me in a drug treatment uh, uh, program.1733.5280 
1449 1734.1005You know and I stayed in there for like about1735.6657 
1451 1736.0591nineteen days, twenty-one days something like that.1738.4260 
1453 1739.2423You learn a whole lot1740.2370 
1455 1740.7354uh,1741.1915 
1457 1741.4170made up my mind I wasn't gonna get high again.1743.1650 
1459 1743.9135Came out /unintelligible/1745.3135 
1461 1745.4163/?/ it was condition of me keeping my apartment to go into the program so I-1748.3546 
1463 1748.5512g- kept my apartment1749.5312 
1465 1749.9484and after that uh, RAP's uh, independent living program they- they s- they were cutting that, phasing that out.1754.3318 
1467 1755.1862And um,1756.1475 
1469 1756.4873I was looking for a place to stay and s-1757.9469 
1471 1758.2299fortunately,1758.8253 
1473 1759.3774couple of my friends had1760.3856 
1475 1760.7649moved on Robinson Place Southeast and they had apartments and1763.6168 
1477 1763.9768when I tried to apply I was denied because they s- they didn't have any apartments.1767.1023 
1478DCB_int_011767.2462Mm.1767.5344
1479DCB_se1_ag4_m_011767.5630But fortunately you know by the grace of God,1769.5830
1481 1769.8004I was uh-1770.4484 
1483 1770.8710I got a phone call from- from one of the- my friends that lived over there he said-1774.3182 
1485 1774.6396he said, man they have apartment /up-/ an apartment open over here, so I call1777.8420 
1487 1778.1973and I was able to get the apartment.1779.4133 
1489 1779.6038So I went1780.1319 
1491 1780.4920to Robinson Place and um,1781.6635 
1493 1782.2300after I got to Robinson Place I- I was getting my SSI, I had uh-1785.2980 
1495 1785.8548had bought like a little car,1787.1607 
1497 1787.2952then uh,1787.6965 
1499 1788.4232I went from1789.6099 
1501 1789.8636uh,1790.3556 
1503 1791.0302not- I wasn't using,1792.2956 
1505 1792.8881and I was uh, actually coming here1795.0187 
1507 1795.5719for my medical services, Family Medical.1797.4636 
1509 1797.6555Around the time nineteen ninety eight I was starting to come here for my medical services.1800.8579 
1511 1801.2995And going to support groups and everything so I did that,1803.4552 
1513 1803.9160for1804.5880 
1515 1805.0635uh, six years,1806.0422 
1517 1806.4796nineteen ninety eight to-1807.8480 
1519 1808.0448eight years really.1808.7555 
1521 1809.0915Nineteen ninety eight to two thousand six I was coming here, getting my medical service getting /you know/ HIV support groups.1813.9309 
1523 1814.2957Not using, staying clean,1816.1930 
1525 1816.5761The only thing I- only thing I still did was smoke cigarettes, I s- but actually I stopped1820.4459 
1527 1820.9690smoking cigarettes in two thousand four.1822.3850 
1529 1823.1727So by the time I- time I-1824.4340 
1531 1824.7185I- I got offered a job here, I d- I- I wasn't smoking cigarettes, I wasn't doing drugs.1828.9505 
1533 1829.4331I was uh,1830.0958 
1535 1830.2781you know I was still getting SSI,1831.9434 
1537 1832.4242and um-1833.0536 
1539 1833.4611and pretty much1834.1332 
1541 1834.4213had my own apartment, yeah I was- I was pretty much care free.1836.9659 
1543 1837.0665You know.1837.4314 
1545 1837.8203They offered me a job here and uh, basically I was- got the- took the job in two thousand six as a uh,1841.7428 
1547 1842.4293uh, HIV medical adherence specialist cause I had learned a lot about it.1845.2613 
1549 1845.4443You know being- being positive I had learned a lot about it.1847.7223 
1551 1848.0608Coming here, support groups and everything,1849.9928 
1553 1850.4516and uh, even without having a computer I still learned a lot about it.1853.2939 
1555 1853.8508And uh, they gave me a opportunity to work here so when I took the job as adherence specialist1857.7197 
1557 1858.0996I learned even more about it being- having access to a computer and everything I got- eventually got my own computer1862.3295 
1559 1862.9774and um,1863.6707 
1561 1864.0577did uh, HIV1864.9856 
1563 1865.2387adherence specialist for like a couple of years,1866.7934 
1565 1867.4069in two thousand six two thousand eight, then I got a job as a HIV counselor and tester.1871.3360 
1567 1871.6865Did that from two thousand eight1873.0278 
1569 1873.4915until- actually I just recently uh, switched over to community health worker a couple of months ago.1878.4567 
1570DCB_int_011878.4461Mm-hm.1878.8207
1571DCB_se1_ag4_m_011878.9790And um,1879.6080
1573 1880.6114as a matter of fact my office here- over here was right over there, right-1883.0648 
1575 1883.2806right out that door right there.1884.3460 
1577 1884.8602And uh, I did that from two thousand eight and up until1887.4686 
1579 1888.3792this year, two thousand fifteen, so nine, ten, eleven, twelve,1891.2071 
1581 1892.0185nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, about seven years, you know.1895.6097 
1583 1896.1328I did that for seven years so pretty much that's where I-1898.5670 
1585 1899.3016where I am now. Um,1900.7322 
1587 1901.9324You know s- when you say like growing up in my neighborhood, my neighborhood was-1904.9955 
1589 1905.2740was1905.6313 
1591 1906.3108it wa- it wa- it was the bomb, it was growing up in the area like nobody ever experienced1910.4148 
1593 1910.7759what I- what I experienced ever be- ever- ever before.1913.4066 
1595 1913.8387Because1914.3054 
1597 1914.8134in my neighborhood, we were like a close knit neighborhood, everybody knew everybody.1918.2271 
1599 1918.7983You know a- and everybody knew what everybody did, we knew who the dope fiends were, we knew who the- who the alcoholics were.1924.0698 
1601 1924.5113We knew who was having sex with whoever- whoever's mom that wa- wasn't married and we know if people having affairs.1930.0470 
1603 1930.5174We knew um,1931.4494 
1605 1932.1354who was creeping around, we- we knew all about all kinds of incestual relation- incestuous- incestuous1937.9398 
1607 1938.2037incest- cestuous relationship, I can't say the word.1940.7099 
1609 1941.3868But anyway,1941.9135 
1611 1943.0047we uh, we still- but we still kept stuff in the neighborhood.1946.1254 
1613 1946.4229We knew who the drunks were, the winos, you know the- and it was a different- it was a distinction, you know.1950.6095 
1615 1950.9790You had drunks, and then you had winos.1952.5585 
1617 1952.6690You know.1952.9690 
1619 1953.3411Even though wino gets drunk, but /you the-/ drunks were the ones that drank the alcohol the liquor the hard liquor [right?]1957.7438 
1620DCB_int_011957.5035[Mm.]1957.8108
1621DCB_se1_ag4_m_011958.0509You know or the beer.1958.8429
1623 1959.1983But the winos were the ones that drank only wine,1961.2772 
1625 1961.4693they didn't drink-1961.9876 
1627 1962.0884they di-1962.3813 
1629 1962.6454they drink a beer if there- /unintelligible/ if there was nothing else available but they really like the wine so we would watch1967.3265 
1631 1967.6816the winos1968.4589 
1633 1969.0355get their wine and bum their money1970.7111 
1635 1970.8311you know and get their wine and wine was real cheap back then when it- in- back in the sixties.1974.3899 
1637 1974.8271You know wine was real cheap you know you get like1977.0954 
1639 1977.3670sixty five cent, seventy five cent1978.8697 
1641 1979.2614bottle of wine.1979.9624 
1642DCB_int_011980.0248Mm.1980.2937
1643DCB_se1_ag4_m_011980.4137And they would get their wine they would drink- get drunk, they would go in the alley, /next thing you know/ we see 'em laying up against the wall but nobody bothered 'em nobody bo- and they didn't really have anything so nobody bothered nobody-1988.2203
1645 1988.5226nobody beat 'em up, you know anything like that uh,1990.7586 
1647 1992.2866I mean there was one that got beat up his- we used to call him /RD-NAME-2/ he got beat up but1995.8538 
1649 1995.9882we uh-1996.6002 
1651 1997.4188everybody went to the barber shops you know got their hair cut so we knew where to go to get our hair cut,2001.6678 
1653 2002.0180we knew where to go to the grocery store, we knew our moms and2004.9419 
1655 2005.3164our f- we knew f- our families we had friends we knew their mom- their moms their dads,2009.9732 
1657 2010.5638we pretty much had m- uh,2012.4938 
1659 2012.7579most of the families we knew2014.0062 
1661 2014.3471had a mother and father in the home2015.6215 
1663 2015.7633you know.2016.1340 
1665 2016.5650And it was not like it is today [you know like today]2018.7662 
1666DCB_int_012017.8565[Mm-hm.]2018.3462
1667DCB_se1_ag4_m_012019.0472with all these single parent homes only a mom and only these mothers walking around with these babies,2023.4256
1669 2023.7425it wasn't like that.2024.4483 
1671 2024.5490You know it was a d- it was a mom and a dad, you know.2026.7224 
1673 2027.0168So we knew who- we knew people by their parents,2029.2885 
1675 2029.6907we knew who their parents were we spoke, we were respectful, we knew- we learned2032.8835 
1677 2033.1908how to respect thy elders you know it's different than it is today.2035.8698 
1679 2036.2683You know we would say yes sir, no sir, yes ma'am, no ma'am,2039.1670 
1681 2039.4897please, thank you, you're welcome, you know, may I do this, may I do that, you know, it wasn't like2043.3565 
1683 2043.5897can I it was may I, you know.2045.2557 
1685 2045.6061Uh, we knew how to get permission to do things2047.5938 
1687 2048.1170uh, we knew right from wrong you know although we did a l-2050.5433 
1689 2050.8632we did a lot of wrong but we paid for it, we were disciplined.2053.1629 
1690DCB_int_012053.2154Mm.2053.4843
1691DCB_se1_ag4_m_012053.5035You know we got our whoopings we got w-2055.0015
1693 2055.3039I got three whoopings in one day,2056.6771 
1695 2056.7875you know,2057.2052 
1697 2057.5509from2057.8093 
1699 2058.1414smart mouthing this girl down the street.2059.6490 
1701 2059.8025You know she jacked me up2060.9559 
1703 2061.3533you know and then when I got um, up the street,2063.3074 
1705 2063.6000I got smart with my next door neighbor, she whooped my butt.2065.6989 
1707 2066.1542Then my mother found out about it, she whooped my butt then my father came home he whooped my butt.2069.3134 
1709 2069.4476You know so2069.9613 
1711 2070.3838I got three whoopings in one day and jacked up.2072.1219 
1713 2072.2755So I got like2073.1061 
1715 2073.7973you know four disciplines, one day.2075.3144 
1717 2075.7705But that's how we used to do, you know if you did something, you said something, disrespected somebody,2079.5154 
1719 2079.7697you know2080.1586 
1721 2080.4706you got disciplined for it you know, not like it is today people get disciplined now it's all of a sudden it's just child abuse you know.2085.0461 
1723 2085.6078Um,2086.0255 
1725 2087.0431pretty much it was a different age growing up w- where I grew up.2089.3429 
1727 2089.7366Uh, had a- um-2090.7619 
1729 2091.5082had girlfriends and everything pretty much.2093.4093 
1731 2093.7982Uh,2094.1916 
1733 2094.3744my problem was2095.2241 
1735 2095.3297a lot of times2096.1027 
1737 2096.6836the- the girlfriends were-2098.0263 
1739 2098.2438they took a back seat to the drugs.2099.5891 
1741 2099.7321You know.2100.1295 
1743 2100.5627So uh,2101.3054 
1745 2101.4654then uh, with the um,2102.8001 
1747 2103.5104I remember this one girl that I2104.8692 
1749 2105.1332used to- that used to like me,2106.5111 
1751 2106.9288and I liked her too but uh, I- eventually she married this guy from Jamaica.2110.2591 
1753 2110.8896And so2111.5330 
1755 2111.9026one night she followed me home.2113.1920 
1757 2113.3716You know and I kept telling her know that I didn't wanna-2115.8922 
1759 2116.3147want her to be around me because I didn't want her to get in trouble and I didn't want her husband you know2119.5376 
1761 2119.8624thinking that sh- I- that we were together, so2121.8117 
1763 2122.2966she was saying that he had- you know he was abusive he had beaten her and everything and she said she had2125.9023 
1765 2126.0606this machete that she was gonna kill him that night if he bothered- if he2128.9413 
1767 2129.2006if he uh, hit- if he hit her.2130.3179 
1769 2131.1640And so we went home2132.1374 
1771 2132.4795went to my- my place and you know had sex and everything and then after that night2135.4827 
1773 2135.8726I didn't see her anymore.2136.6930 
1775 2136.9091You know, so2137.7615 
1777 2138.1714find out like a couple months later2139.8248 
1779 2140.0723you know they said,2140.8176 
1781 2141.3507did you hear about /RD-NAME-2/? and I said uh,2143.6918 
1783 2143.8118no, they said,2144.6238 
1785 2145.0662they found her body,2146.0728 
1787 2146.4068you know, in this- in- in the rooming house.2148.3917 
1789 2149.0035In this house where she lived and sh- sh- he had-2151.5527 
1791 2151.8626he had uh,2152.4853 
1793 2152.6030boarded her2153.2753 
1795 2153.5154up under-2153.9636 
1797 2154.0596boarded her in up under the stairway.2155.7084 
1799 2156.3722He had built uh, a wall around the st- the bottom of the back of the stairway.2159.5217 
1801 2159.9699He built a wall around the back of the stairway and /hid/ her body inside there.2163.2670 
1803 2163.6311And the neighbors smelled the scent and they said that's where her body was found.2167.0111 
1805 2167.4667He had escaped to uh, New York-2168.9411 
1807 2169.0532he had escaped to Jamaica.2170.1977 
1809 2170.7077But he had came back to New York2172.1010 
1811 2172.2404and he got k- stopped on a traffic violation.2174.1008 
1813 2174.4210And they ran his prints.2175.4983 
1815 2176.0737You know and they found out who he was- they knew who he was and that's how they caught him,2179.1689 
1817 2179.2930you know for her- for her murder.2180.3232 
1819 2180.4353You know.2180.7900 
1821 2181.3557So [uh-]2181.9520 
1822DCB_int_012181.8079[Ooh.]2182.2506
1823DCB_se1_ag4_m_012182.4882Yeah so this-2183.1766
1825 2183.6048you know then- then it was /?/2184.7853 
1827 2184.8711a whole lot of stuff happened like the crack years you know I m-2187.3020 
1829 2187.6822I remember seeing guys get killed, literally get their brains blown out right in front of me,2191.0495 
1831 2191.4257you know, guy named /RD-NAME-2/ I remember his brains being laying on the curb you know cause that's- they2195.5654 
1833 2195.9891told him not to sell drugs he was a /skreaky/ clean guy and they told him not to sell drugs he wanted to sell2199.9918 
1835 2200.2688crack anyway.2201.0430 
1837 2201.5672Uh, one day we heard some uh, stick out- stick up boys coming down the street2205.0928 
1839 2205.9550and he said he wasn't going anywhere.2207.2316 
1841 2208.1858He didn't go anywhere they came down somebody told 'em h- that he had the drugs cause they came and asked2212.0916 
1843 2212.3855stick up boys /??/ who- who- who got it, you know?2214.4842 
1845 2214.9605That's how they used to say, who got it, so if somebody pointed to /RD-NAME-2/ they went to /RD-NAME-2/ they said,2218.4898 
1847 2218.7978give it up.2219.2405 
1849 2219.5421And he said, I ain't giving you nothing, you know so2221.2789 
1851 2221.6689they chased him around the car and eventually had to pull the gun out2224.1260 
1853 2224.5200and said, you don't give it up then I'm'a shoot you, you know and he didn't give it up.2227.3493 
1855 2227.6752And they shot him in the head and he fell to the curb and2230.3579 
1857 2231.0666blew his brains out.2231.8367 
1859 2231.9968And his brains are laying right on the curb til even when they came and got him his brains were still laying- laying there.2235.7145 
1861 2236.4926You know.2236.7927 
1863 2237.3845I mean guys like uh,2238.7125 
1865 2238.9773I knew2239.3695 
1867 2239.8937guy I grew up with he got shot four times2241.8346 
1869 2242.2286right in front of my face you know got shot in the um-2244.3375 
1871 2245.4078he got shot- first he got shot in the uh, forearm,2247.3367 
1873 2247.9125then he got shot in the groin,2249.1365 
1875 2249.2891then he got shot in the buttocks and when he got across the street,2251.4621 
1877 2251.8023trying to get away from the guy the guy shot him in the back, that's when he fell.2254.5850 
1879 2255.0256You know.2255.3195 
1881 2255.6916So he died, I testified against the young guy, the young guy he2258.4743 
1883 2258.6428he got off cause he's a /skreaky/ clean-2260.0561 
1885 2260.1355squeaky clean looking guy, young guy.2262.0701 
1887 2262.5744Ten women, two men, uh, they2264.3544 
1889 2264.5851refuted my testimony cause they knew I was a drug addict they- they figured I was just2267.8065 
1891 2268.1222there as a witness to get the money,2269.3908 
1893 2269.6429so.2269.9351 
1895 2270.4953There plus I used to run a lot of errands for the young guys go to the store for 'em, you know buy liquor for 'em in front of the liquor store if they couldn't buy.2275.8185 
1897 2276.2633You know washing cars and stuff like that you know when I was on drugs real bad.2279.0004 
1899 2279.4728So they refuted my testimony made it look like I was just you know somebody that2282.9957 
1901 2283.3159was in it you know just to get the witness money you know and um,2285.6092 
1903 2286.4293so they let- the guy got off, he got off of killing my friend.2289.2695 
1905 2289.6183Eventually uh, some years later,2291.4272 
1907 2291.6513even though2292.1619 
1909 2292.4957I had testified against him he had got off he2294.2685 
1911 2294.5796eventually was killed hisself in LeDroit Park.2296.3725 
1913 2296.5285You know.2296.8592 
1915 2297.2689Got his head b- head blown off, you know.2298.8816 
1917 2299.5820So that's how- that's- that's the2301.3428 
1919 2301.5549a- people were dying, they were dropping like flies back then.2303.7960 
1921 2304.3558Eighty-2305.0064 
1923 2305.4403eighty eight,2306.0509 
1925 2306.4207eighty nine, ninety.2307.9327 
1927 2308.4154You know,2308.8767 
1929 2309.1037I don't know if you know but it was a- that was a- that was a real tumultuous years for like murders in the District, you know.2313.8495 
1931 2314.2656That was like one of the highest2315.8264 
1933 2316.4964uh, what do you call murder m- um-2318.3533 
1935 2318.8335we had one of the highest murder rates you know those years in DC2321.5503 
1937 2321.7464that we ha- had ever had cause people were2323.2551 
1939 2323.5673dying so much from crack cocaine and turf wars and all that stuff so2327.1507 
1941 2327.8088that's pretty much what we was going through.2329.3535 
1943 2329.4575But uh,2329.8962 
1945 2330.4415I say there were some good years growing up in the neighborhood like fifties, sixties2333.7791 
1947 2334.1032were good,2334.6795 
1949 2334.8315you know.2335.3395 
1951 2335.7915Uh,2336.4315 
1953 2336.9441close knit neighborhood.2338.0486 
1955 2338.3007Knew everybody.2339.1491 
1957 2339.4750Stuck together2340.3337 
1959 2340.5075you know.2340.9595 
1961 2341.3359Uh,2341.8919 
1963 2343.0046had a lot of fun you know, but then those2345.5846 
1965 2345.9055drug years took over2347.0362 
1967 2347.2021from the late sixties2348.5821 
1969 2348.9424into the seventies and eighties2350.4031 
1971 2350.5112those were like the drug years, even into the nineties.2352.8778 
1973 2353.3765You know with the crack cocaine,2354.8767 
1975 2354.9488the late eighties, nineties was crack cocaine.2356.7336 
1977 2357.1378That devastated a lot of people, that made a lot of m- uh, men into mice2360.0551 
1979 2360.1392you know.2360.5113 
1981 2361.1392So [uh,]2361.9338 
1982DCB_int_012361.6434[Mm.]2362.0356
1983DCB_se1_ag4_m_012363.0280pretty much /yeah./2364.1806
1985 2364.6448You got some questions?2365.3301 
1986DCB_int_012366.1690A couple.2366.6813
1988 2366.8734I- <clears throat>2367.8214 
1990 2367.9178have so many things I wanted to ask about.2369.8243 
1992 2370.1584Thinking about the Civil Rights2371.5871 
1993DCB_se1_ag4_m_012371.6191Mm.2371.9791
1994DCB_int_012371.7071[like] that time, cause I mean in DC like2374.2643
1995 2374.6463things were happening you had the march, you [had]2376.8436
1996DCB_se1_ag4_m_012376.5249[Mm.]2376.8142
1997DCB_int_012377.1612the speech then you had Dr. King assass- you had Kennedy,2379.4465
1998DCB_se1_ag4_m_012379.6041Mm.2379.8242
1999DCB_int_012379.9843how was the Civil- I mean I know you were young at [that] point you were [still]2382.9349
2000DCB_se1_ag4_m_012381.9349Mm.2382.1230
2002 2382.4432Mm.2382.6792 
2003DCB_int_012383.2173little like a [little] kid.2384.5842
2004DCB_se1_ag4_m_012383.8918[Mm.]2384.1438
2006 2384.5441Mm-hm.2384.8923 
2007DCB_int_012385.1644<clears throat> But what do you remember like, do you remember your dad and your mom talking about it? Do you remember like2389.5218
2009 2389.6558par- did you participate in the2390.9044 
2011 2391.1245first march [like] what do you remember? How was the [city], the vibe?2394.3990 
2012DCB_se1_ag4_m_012391.9146[Mm.]2392.1347
2014 2393.3233[Um-]2393.6206 
2015 2395.2740Well the vibe in the city was pretty much-2396.9846
2017 2397.1268uh, we- we still had-2398.6551 
2019 2399.1033experienced repercussions from the South you know, segregation2402.0724 
2021 2402.4226uh, from the fifties you know and even beyond uh, further back2405.6091 
2023 2405.8361uh,2406.2415 
2025 2406.7201early- earlier years segregation uh,2408.8891 
2027 2409.1892uh,2409.5292 
2029 2410.1417with uh,2410.6230 
2031 2411.3302water fountains and bathrooms with black only, colored only,2414.6731 
2033 2414.9452white only, those type well not black but colored only, white only.2417.8091 
2035 2418.3188We uh, had travelled to the South back in the uh, l- uh, late fifties2421.7901 
2037 2422.7604uh,2423.2446 
2039 2423.5207early s- uh, late fifties we had drove my father down south and2426.6114 
2041 2426.9979we remember uh, not-2428.3025 
2043 2428.4345being turned away from uh,2429.9652 
2045 2430.5555uh, restroom- rest area you know to use the bathroom and2433.3862 
2047 2433.7125we had to use the bathroom in the field,2435.0472 
2049 2435.3790uh,2435.7884 
2051 2436.5316uh, s- they still had those colored only uh,2438.5365 
2053 2438.9207water fountains.2439.6930 
2055 2440.2008Uh,2440.6490 
2057 2441.2213then uh,2441.7986 
2059 2442.4538we- we saw on television in the si- sixties when2445.5235 
2061 2445.8229um,2446.2752 
2063 2446.8674people were hosed and dogs were sicked on people, we saw that.2450.4354 
2065 2450.8368We knew Medgar Evers was like a civil rights activist, we knew he had been killed.2454.5446 
2067 2454.9703Uh, we knew that uh,2455.9507 
2069 2456.0307uh,2456.3734 
2071 2456.6150The Ku Klux Klan had been uh, fire bombing people's homes.2459.6977 
2073 2460.1406You know we knew that um,2461.8580 
2075 2462.8454/look at the- the/2463.8059 
2077 2463.9637black- the um, black Muslims you know Muha- Elijah Muhammed and the Nation of Islam, they2467.9384 
2079 2468.2572had uh, talked about white men being devils you know so we pretty much2471.4787 
2081 2471.8709uh, had the mentality that you know uh,2474.1841 
2083 2474.5437the white man was evil, the white man was the devil you know and we didn't trust white people.2478.6250 
2085 2479.0413Um,2479.5026 
2087 2479.9617I saw for myself nineteen fifty four-2482.0787 
2089 2482.3668I mean nineteen fifty eight2483.2802 
2091 2483.6590when I was four years old, living on V Street, before we moved on W Street.2486.8299 
2093 2487.1606seeing uh, a white couple coming down the street with a-2489.3274 
2094DCB_int_012491.9921I'm sorry.2492.9161
2095DCB_se1_ag4_m_012496.6058white couple coming down the street with a uh,2498.3471
2097 2499.7032just married sign on the back of their uh, orange and uh,2502.5125 
2099 2502.7562white Chevrolet.2503.6486 
2101 2504.3489They uh,2505.1116 
2103 2505.8696stopped at a corner down the street where a lady named /RD-NAME-2/ lived with her dad and2509.3541 
2105 2509.6149she was sweeping the front and2510.8256 
2107 2511.1334they asked her for uh, she could- they could get some water2513.5866 
2109 2513.8266to drink2514.1906 
2111 2514.7088and her dad came out and asked what w- what did they want,2517.4518 
2113 2518.0361she told him uh, dad they said they want some water, you know.2521.0215 
2115 2522.2976They just got married and they uh, they want some water before- you know,2524.8988 
2117 2525.2070before they go on their way.2526.1194 
2119 2526.3790So he said, well wait right here I'll get you some water. And he went in the house and when he came back out he had a bucket, he had a- he had a pale of water and he dumped it on 'em,2532.8976 
2121 2533.4539and soaked 'em with the water and said like, get the hell off my property, you know.2536.7994 
2123 2537.2151So,2537.6113 
2125 2537.7914that was my first2538.6638 
2127 2538.8479experience with2539.6763 
2129 2540.0164you know,2540.4326 
2131 2540.9329racial- racial tension you know, seeing that happen2543.6089 
2133 2543.9058when I was four years old.2544.8484 
2135 2545.2864And then I was- r- I remember when I was about uh, six2547.9236 
2137 2548.5034uh,2548.9461 
2139 2549.1877I was in like the first grade, went on a field trip.2551.5568 
2141 2552.0571We went on a field trip- no it was second, I'm sorry,2553.8775 
2143 2554.0438Uh, when I was uh,2555.1363 
2145 2555.2559when I was seven,2555.9612 
2147 2556.3123second grade we went on a field trip and I remember um,2558.8774 
2149 2559.7699the little- little class of white kids and we were a class of black kids and there wa-2563.0150 
2151 2563.1991a little- little boy in the uh, white class2565.1320 
2153 2565.9941looked over and said- said to his teacher he says, look Miss-2568.6354 
2155 2568.7630Miss Johnson, or whatever her name was.2570.5638 
2157 2571.1721A whole class of niggers.2572.7408 
2159 2572.9627You know.2573.4027 
2161 2574.2232And she didn't say anything, you know. She didn't say, watch your mouth, or anything it was just like,2578.2401 
2163 2578.6408you know, come on guys, let's go- let's go over here.2580.5337 
2165 2580.9379Well-2581.4021 
2167 2581.5239but really2582.0642 
2169 2582.3323that to me was like,2583.4688 
2171 2584.4030he just called us a whole class of niggers you know, and that's-2587.0042 
2173 2587.4040that was another experience with racism so-2589.3186 
2175 2591.0056We knew that uh,2592.6030 
2177 2592.9140that there was racial- racial tension in- in America.2595.4018 
2179 2595.8314You know we knew that2597.1421 
2181 2597.2360blacks had for so long been2598.6560 
2183 2599.0124uh, what do you call it?2599.9008 
2185 2600.2530rele- uh,2600.8653 
2187 2601.1214uh,2601.6976 
2189 2602.9017in other words2603.5457 
2191 2603.6741looked upon as like, less than human.2605.7848 
2193 2606.1272We knew that um,2607.3579 
2195 2607.8138we- we- we were the struggle.2609.7778 
2197 2610.4110And we knew that2611.1416 
2199 2611.6191uh, despite the struggle, we were a strong people.2613.8469 
2201 2614.0202You know,2614.3683 
2203 2614.8005and uh, James Brown2616.5974 
2205 2616.6890w- uh, in the sixties when2617.8095 
2207 2618.1336he made records like Say it Loud, I'm Black and I'm Proud.2620.4405 
2209 2620.7206Those are the things that really fueled us and gave us you know,2623.1497 
2211 2623.5299uh, the incentive and the initiative to like have pride in ourselves.2626.7712 
2212DCB_int_012626.8687[Right.] (whispered)2627.4594
2213DCB_se1_ag4_m_012627.1769[You know] uh,2627.9132
2214 2628.7496I don't want- I don't want nobody giving me nothing, open up the door, I'll get it myself, you know, so James Brown was really2633.6159
2216 2633.9636uh, uh,2634.5558 
2218 2634.7359instrumental2635.3482 
2220 2635.6964in giving us a lot of motivation, a lot of hope.2637.6493 
2222 2638.0450You know.2638.3703 
2224 2638.6973Uh,2639.2280 
2226 2639.3776people like uh,2640.2016 
2228 2640.3741H. Rap Brown,2641.3985 
2230 2641.7907um,2642.3030 
2232 2642.5351Marion Barry, Stokely Carmichael.2644.6946 
2234 2644.9940Uh,2645.5060 
2236 2645.6383they gave us hope.2646.3316 
2238 2646.6623I wasn't really into the Black Panther movement, I wasn't into the-2649.2595 
2240 2649.5436I never believed in like, that radical type2651.4370 
2242 2651.5806approach.2652.1299 
2244 2652.2844You know.2652.6446 
2246 2652.9567I was more so like with a passive activism-2655.0497 
2248 2655.1858activist approach like King had,2656.6184 
2250 2656.9181you know because I believe that you could also2658.8590 
2252 2659.2992by, you know, uh,2660.2432 
2254 2660.4237psychologically bring about change2662.1383 
2256 2662.4064without having to use violence, you know.2664.0152 
2258 2664.3268Although2664.8575 
2260 2665.1152Malcolm X was more so- they were more so radical2667.3322 
2262 2667.6621but even Malcolm X found out for himself that he was being betrayed by the Nation of Islam.2671.1829 
2264 2671.4657You know.2671.8058 
2265DCB_int_012671.8378[Mm-hm.]2672.4619
2266DCB_se1_ag4_m_012672.1580[Yeah uh], and the fact that Elijah Muhammed2674.1380
2267 2674.4626you know was uh- actually had sex with so many girls and had-2676.7717
2269 2677.0798had2677.3051 
2271 2677.5880fathered so many children but yet wasn't even2679.3849 
2273 2679.4929taking care of his responsibilities so2681.0897 
2275 2681.4414those types of things I f- I learned when I was younger, you know.2684.0066 
2277 2684.4027I knew that um,2685.2441 
2279 2685.6909I- I used to-2686.2669 
2281 2686.7914I used to look at uh, people like W.E.B. Du Bois and I really found out that he-2689.7648 
2283 2689.8666he had-2690.2186 
2285 2690.5149he had some ideologies that I don't- I don't agree with now2692.9000 
2287 2692.9960you know.2693.3482 
2289 2693.7239Uh,2694.0480 
2291 2694.3162even-2694.7402 
2293 2694.9685even now2695.5687 
2295 2695.8449me growing up2696.5212 
2297 2697.6177always believed in individual responsibility, you know.2699.8267 
2299 2700.2384Entrepreneurship, you know.2701.5871 
2301 2701.9232Work hard,2702.5475 
2303 2702.7356you know uh, if you want anything2704.1823 
2305 2704.4960like my father you know you- you- you work hard you get it you know, you attain it.2707.9833 
2307 2708.4636You strive for it, I didn't believe in so much2710.5609 
2309 2711.1466uh,2711.4532 
2311 2711.6668affirmative action in terms of like you know, using it2713.8638 
2313 2714.1937as a tool to say that2715.7545 
2315 2716.0506blacks should get opportunity above someone else that's- that's2718.5895 
2317 2718.7696just as well qualified, you know.2720.2696 
2319 2720.6500I believe in more equal op- opportunity,2722.3148 
2321 2722.4269you know.2722.7855 
2323 2723.1392So basically I knew about the Civil Rights struggle.2725.2032 
2325 2725.6519And I knew that King had- had-2727.3247 
2327 2727.5808had- had a dream,2728.6013 
2329 2729.0335had a goal that you know,2730.3521 
2331 2730.7258we could all live together as one,2732.1728 
2333 2732.3105you know.2732.6747 
2335 2733.9450And even today you know I- I really- it really disheartens me to see how so many black people have pretty much uh- uh- uh- uh,2740.2075 
2337 2740.3035tainted and distorted that dream.2741.9523 
2339 2742.2604You know,2742.6126 
2341 2742.9367by taking for granted you know, the freedoms that we have,2745.7034 
2343 2746.1297you know, even to the point of like not even2748.3268 
2345 2748.6464recognizing that2749.5509 
2347 2750.0231you know the fact that w- they have taken so much for granted2752.4282 
2349 2752.5843in terms of like you know jobs and opportunity that we've had that have been presented to us2756.4403 
2351 2756.7875that we have not taken advantage of as black- as a people.2759.1502 
2353 2759.4367We have not stuck together, we have not been cohesive, you know we-2762.0099 
2355 2762.3096we're- we're distant, we're- we're um,2764.0549 
2357 2764.4506we're divisive, you know.2765.5831 
2359 2765.9393We- we tend to hate one another,2767.6921 
2361 2767.9518which- for no- for no reason.2769.4864 
2363 2769.6766You know.2770.0032 
2365 2770.3449But it's a- it's a- it is a reason. It's a re- the reason is because we been pitted against each other.2773.9969 
2367 2774.3142Well they talk about like Willie Lynch syndrome.2776.2302 
2369 2776.4872You know talking about how2777.5953 
2371 2777.9034uh,2778.1808 
2373 2778.2796Willie Lynch you know was when somebody came from the s-2780.2045 
2375 2780.5327from the uh, it's like the- the islands, the Indie- West Indies the-2783.6540 
2377 2783.8977told the slave owners about, hey, you know,2785.7306 
2379 2786.2989don't2786.6110 
2381 2786.7591beat your slaves to death, you know, don't- don't-2788.6271 
2383 2788.9796don't destroy what you uh,2790.6284 
2385 2790.7627what you- what makes your money.2791.9552 
2387 2792.1109You know.2792.4510 
2389 2792.8072In other words pit the young against the old and2794.6400 
2391 2794.9482the dark against the light skin you know the-2796.7645 
2393 2797.0847the weaker one against the stronger one and you do that,2799.1176 
2395 2799.3097says,2799.7404 
2397 2799.9460they'll always be uh-2801.1986 
2399 2801.4245beholden to you.2802.2231 
2401 2802.6690[You know.]2803.0024 
2402DCB_int_012802.7571[Mm-hm.]2803.1130
2403DCB_se1_ag4_m_012803.3774So we- we pretty much fall into that mentality where we have2807.0244
2405 2807.3005hatred towards the light skinned brother,2808.9658 
2407 2809.2334you know hatred towards the- the- the- the black sister you know.2811.9586 
2409 2812.2983Hatred towards someone2813.4469 
2411 2813.7350who's less fortunate than ourselves or someone who's better-2816.0241 
2413 2816.2322who seems to be more affluent than ourselves.2818.0010 
2415 2818.3847So2818.6634 
2417 2819.0850we- we let- we let these things divide us and it cause us to like2822.8147 
2419 2823.2550uh,2823.7192 
2421 2823.9028you know it- these- we like to think there's still hatred in us2826.2519 
2423 2826.4440towards one another2827.3040 
2425 2827.6205where we2828.3752 
2427 2828.8326had watched other uh,2830.3853 
2429 2830.5694/ethnicicy-/ ethnicities and2832.0581 
2431 2832.3782you know groups of people2833.2729 
2433 2833.4863you know strive together and grow together and bond together2835.8662 
2435 2836.0875you know while we once /??/ uh,2837.8483 
2437 2838.1502you know,2838.5129 
2439 2838.7665imploding or either like exploding2840.7154 
2441 2840.9995you know tearing each other apart.2842.0880 
2443 2842.4077You know.2842.7159 
2445 2843.1881So,2843.5214 
2447 2844.6448We've taken our eyes off the prize.2846.3113 
2448DCB_int_012846.4531[Mm.]2846.6852
2449DCB_se1_ag4_m_012846.4594[You know] /and you/ talking about eyes on the prize but you know that documentary about King? We taking our eyes off the prize you know and we pretty much let-2852.2471
2450 2852.5377let uh, let a lot of thing- even technology2854.8506
2452 2854.9904you know, separate us, you know.2856.3190 
2454 2856.7192Just because people have access to cell phones and2859.1483 
2456 2859.4862you know2859.8409 
2458 2859.9104computers and2860.7864 
2460 2861.1030uh, laptops uh, w- and- and- and iPads and2863.9318 
2462 2864.3760you know what have you um-2865.8687 
2464 2866.8612They cannot- okay and2867.9355 
2466 2868.0995cable TV2868.9382 
2468 2869.3961uh,2869.7803 
2470 2869.9004and2870.4526 
2472 2870.6087you cannot2871.2410 
2474 2871.4006for a m- for a minute become complacent2873.0534 
2476 2873.3375and feel that you know you2874.4975 
2478 2874.8542uh, should let those things be2876.4910 
2480 2877.0468you know,2877.5270 
2482 2877.9912your driving force of you know, empowerment, those are not.2880.5885 
2484 2880.7525They're not. You know, in other words those are just2882.4773 
2486 2882.7649/to/ we're- we2883.7089 
2488 2883.9695are consumers rather than manufacturers, you know.2886.5547 
2489DCB_int_012886.5822Mm-hm.2886.9784
2490DCB_se1_ag4_m_012886.9824We don't- we don't- we don't- we- we don't- we don't manufacture anything as- as a group of people.2891.1544
2492 2891.4342You know.2891.7596 
2494 2891.9465We're u- we- we're consumers, we're using a lot of things but we're not2895.0585 
2496 2895.4597uh,2895.9703 
2498 2896.4721encouraging our children to become engineers, scientists, you know.2899.5215 
2500 2899.8732Uh,2900.3199 
2502 2900.5375you know, physicists, you know we're not2902.0302 
2504 2902.2663encouraging2902.9547 
2506 2903.1507our group- race of people2904.5274 
2508 2904.8413to be- to strive to be better than they are.2906.6541 
2509DCB_int_012906.8866Right2907.0920
2510DCB_se1_ag4_m_012907.0481Plus2907.3722
2511 2907.4643the fact that the drugs2908.6848
2513 2909.1611you know2909.4612 
2515 2909.8454have devastated us as a p- as a people too.2911.5742 
2517 2911.6938You know.2912.0298 
2519 2912.6262We're not blaming, I'm not blaming any one particular2915.2212 
2521 2915.5373you know, thing2916.1813 
2523 2916.4297or entity on2917.3301 
2525 2917.5022our failure as a people.2918.8428 
2527 2919.2106But I'm saying that we as a people2921.3636 
2529 2921.7317have been a failure2922.7122 
2531 2922.9803amongst ourselves and to ourselves because2925.0775 
2533 2925.4450of our lack of2926.2614 
2535 2926.6535recognizing2927.3322 
2537 2927.8341what these things are that we've allowed to2930.1552 
2539 2930.4548creep into our society and our culture2932.2997 
2541 2932.5878that have you know caused us to become2934.3526 
2543 2934.7123you know a weak-2935.4967 
2545 2935.6008a weak people.2936.1781 
2547 2936.5132You [know so,]2937.1572 
2548DCB_int_012936.6692[Hm.]2937.0974
2549DCB_se1_ag4_m_012937.7097you know all- I'm- I'm cognizant of the Civil Rights Movement,2940.1669
2551 2940.2705you know2940.6105 
2552DCB_int_012940.6106Mm-hm.2941.0108
2553DCB_se1_ag4_m_012941.0108but2941.3255
2554 2941.8512I don't think the benefits2943.0995
2556 2943.2758of it2943.6278 
2558 2944.8023you know have been2945.6947 
2560 2946.0389long sustaining.2946.8513 
2562 2946.9811You know because of what we've allowed,2949.1141 
2564 2949.4822you know, ourselves to become.2950.5022 
2566 2951.0945You know.2951.3705 
2567DCB_int_012951.3146Mm-hm.2951.6508
2568DCB_se1_ag4_m_012951.9949And so that's-2952.6083
2570 2952.9634that's the way- that's my take on it.2954.0527 
2571DCB_int_012954.7700So let me ask you I wanna2956.1513
2573 2956.3707<clears throat> shift gears for a few minutes um,2958.8507 
2574DCB_se1_ag4_m_012958.9976Mm.2959.2303
2575DCB_int_012959.4042let's-2959.7122
2577 2959.9239oh,2960.1719 
2579 2960.3441two-2960.5962 
2581 2960.8123two questions. One, you talked a lot about James Brown and [his] music,2964.6939 
2582DCB_se1_ag4_m_012963.9707[Mm.]2964.2407
2583DCB_int_012965.1059but one music that's very2967.0628
2585 2967.3509unique to DC is go go.2969.0637 
2586DCB_se1_ag4_m_012969.0752[Mm-hm.]2969.4434
2587DCB_int_012969.3354[Did] you get into go go at all, did you- do you like it, do you listen to it?2973.4813
2588DCB_se1_ag4_m_012973.7094Uh, I- I did, actually uh,2975.6040
2590 2975.7859I-2976.1380 
2592 2976.4702part of my life was pretty much2977.7308 
2594 2978.0789uh, playing music myself, you know, when I was twelve years old I got a guitar.2981.0941 
2596 2981.5383Uh,2982.0130 
2598 2982.3462I used to watch a old sitcom on TV called uh,2985.2275 
2600 2985.6838the- uh, Ozzie and Harriet.2986.9523 
2602 2987.3205You know. I don't know if you knew about that.2988.6127 
2604 2989.0248Ozzie and Harriet was a sitcom and they had two sons, they had Ricky and David.2991.8633 
2606 2992.2663And Ricky was uh- Ricky played the guitar and he used to wear a sport coat.2995.0632 
2608 2995.4674And when I s-2995.9916 
2610 2996.1157I saw Ricky wearing that sport coat playing the guitar, like toward the end of the show,2999.4090 
2612 3000.2491I really uh- and plus I knew about Elvis Presley too.3002.6942 
2614 3003.1785So I really wanted to be uh, a rock star, I wanted to be you know a rock and roller, I wanted to learn how to play guitar.3008.0705 
2616 3008.7481So I told my mom I wanted to play guitar and I was telling my buddies and I had a friend that played guitar but he was-3013.1561 
2618 3013.4979started when he was like about three years old he had got a guitar and then- then3016.4036 
2620 3016.7954we were in school and3017.6718 
2622 3018.1680teacher asked us what our hobbies were and3019.9412 
2624 3020.3125I didn't- couldn't think of a hobby.3021.7824 
2626 3021.9333I did have a hobby, cause I used to collect comic books but I thought that was like-3024.7426 
2628 3025.1743I thought they would laugh at me if I say I collect comic books.3027.2023 
2630 3027.6595So I saw that he said he played guitar so I put it on my paper too, I play guitar.3030.8169 
2632 3031.2407Teacher said, oh both of you- when she saw our papers she said, both of y'all play guitar, so she said-3035.3418 
2634 3035.6503she said um,3036.6347 
2636 3037.1670where do y'all- where do you play guitar? So then all of a sudden3039.6000 
2638 3039.7361I just said, well he- he show- he's showing me how to play.3042.1208 
2640 3042.2689He's teaching me how to play.3043.1569 
2642 3043.7175So he look at me like, I'm te- I'm-3045.0789 
2644 3045.2742what? You know and3046.3948 
2646 3047.0026w- you know, he didn't know about it but eventually I said, can you teach me how to play?3050.2383 
2648 3051.0622So he said, yeah I- I'll show you something when I get a chance, so-3053.5581 
2650 3053.6834/and/ I-3054.2448 
2652 3054.4153it kind of sparked my desire to wanna play guitar,3056.2322 
2654 3056.6003got a guitar in nineteen sixty six when I was twelve, my father bought it for me and I-3060.7818 
2656 3061.4621as- w- after getting one my mom said they couldn't afford it but I got one anyway.3064.4941 
2658 3065.1113Started uh, learning how to play guitar from people and then teaching myself some things and3068.4849 
2660 3068.9011Played guitar for some years and eventually3071.4058 
2662 3071.8660um,3072.3822 
2664 3073.2907and nineteen sixty six into nineteen uh,3076.2827 
2666 3076.9919wanna say nineteen seventy-3078.9239 
2668 3080.0333seventy four3080.9333 
2670 3081.0653um, I was playing guitar, playing with bands and everything.3084.0307 
2672 3084.3989Was with a band before there was a Trouble Funk I was with a band- band called Trouble.3088.0641 
2674 3088.5003You know.3088.8390 
2676 3089.1166So that's when the Trouble Funk was coming that was when the go go era was really starting because they had groups like3093.0957 
2678 3093.4982um,3093.9184 
2680 3094.3385Trouble Funk,3095.0229 
2682 3095.2750Rare Essence,3096.0389 
2684 3096.4631uh, EU. Matter of fact Experience Unlimited, EU,3099.2389 
2686 3099.6365uh, the drummer- first drummer that we had when I was- started playing guitar was a guy named /RD-NAME-4/,3104.2022 
2688 3104.5343he was EU's first drummer.3105.9070 
2690 3106.2631You know.3106.6285 
2692 3106.9870So we knew about the go go and everything coming in and uh, /RD-NAME-4/ actually just died um-3111.6252 
2694 3112.5011just died year before last, you know he worked at a hospital center he got overcome by some fumes3116.4531 
2696 3116.7951year before last back in uh, think it was back in-3118.9031 
2698 3119.9601it was November, December, year before last and he- and he died so he died about f- about fifty-eight years old.3125.3887 
2700 3125.9144He uh-3126.3946 
2702 3126.6627he was EU's first drummer, he was a- he was a- he was a bad drummer.3129.5676 
2704 3130.0821One of the best drummers you could see in DC.3131.7498 
2706 3132.1426And we knew about- we knew about Chuck Brown, we knew about the Soul Searchers.3135.6064 
2708 3136.0164We were familiar with- it w- before was the s- uh, Soul Searchers- I mean before it was Chuck Brown it was the Soul Searchers [it was- then it became] Chuck Brown and the Soul Searchers, right?3143.4859 
2709DCB_int_013141.1578[Mm.]3141.4687
2710DCB_se1_ag4_m_013143.9791And um,3144.5858
2712 3145.1957we knew about groups called- back in the day there used to be groups called uh, the Epsilons, the El Corals,3149.7636 
2714 3150.1695You know, it was a number of different bands, Backyard Band, Junk Yard Band, they came later on.3153.7055 
2716 3154.1571Uh,3154.5985 
2718 3155.0171we knew about uh, also uh,3157.0102 
2720 3158.0265there was another-3159.4211 
2722 3160.3591there was another group, there was a guy named Vaughan Mason he did a v- he did a song called Rock Roll Bounce Skate,3164.7291 
2724 3164.8683uh, uh, p- co produced by Van McCoy.3166.9882 
2726 3167.3947You know.3167.7547 
2728 3168.0333Van McCoy, he's dead now but uh, Rock Roll Bounce Skate it's called, Rock boom boom b- b- boom boom boom boom boom, roll dun dun,3173.9877 
2730 3174.2693/?/ dun dun dun dun,3175.3440 
2732 3175.5367bounce, you know but anyway,3176.7420 
2734 3177.0785they did a record it was probably back in uh,3178.8918 
2736 3178.9893back in the3179.4338 
2738 3179.6767e- eighties I believe.3180.5736 
2740 3181.6669He was our manager at one time, so I knew about go go.3183.9979 
2742 3184.1237Yeah go go- go go was pretty much- I- I was down with it but I-3187.1504 
2744 3187.2643I-3187.4443 
2746 3187.6348I- I don't like what it's e-3188.7948 
2748 3189.0874it's- it's evolved and become.3190.6912 
2749DCB_int_013190.7949Mm-hm.3191.3214
2750DCB_se1_ag4_m_013191.4091I like it in it's raw form you know, what it was.3193.8754
2752 3194.2559Eventually- especially what Chuck3195.6053 
2754 3195.7086you know godfather of go go,3197.1459 
2756 3197.6926what he made go go to be you know, that's what go go- I really-3200.8283 
2758 3201.1598But- but it's- it's- it's- it's-3202.4822 
2760 3202.6479it's kind of like gotten uh- gotten stale3204.5932 
2762 3205.0804in that it's um,3206.1187 
2764 3207.2558it's- it's- it hasn't had it's /longetivity/ like some- some3210.1568 
2766 3210.2976genres of music.3211.1994 
2768 3211.4383You [know.]3211.7600 
2769DCB_int_013211.7064[Mm-hm.]3212.1841
2770DCB_se1_ag4_m_013212.5253I don't know.3212.8520
2771DCB_int_013213.3686Um, [what about]3214.3766
2772DCB_se1_ag4_m_013213.9598[People-]3214.2585
2773DCB_int_013214.7105mumbo sauce?3215.7391
2774DCB_se1_ag4_m_013215.9438Mumbo sauce, what about it?3216.8798
2775DCB_int_013217.4208Do you eat it?3218.0408
2776DCB_se1_ag4_m_013218.4264Yeah I eat mumbo sauce, yeah. Mumbo sauce uh,3220.8453
2778 3221.3317popular in the-3222.4090 
2780 3222.7125back in the sixties too uh, you might not be familiar with Wings-N- with Wings-N-Things.3227.1924 
2782 3227.9479Wings-N-Things, Wings N' More Wings, used to be a place called Wings and- Wings and Things in DC.3231.7613 
2783DCB_int_013232.1610Hm.3232.4973
2784DCB_se1_ag4_m_013232.5363And that was- that was the-3234.0134
2786 3234.1645That was the Popeyes of the sixties, you know.3236.3984 
2788 3237.0516Yeah.3237.3436 
2790 3237.4708Pretty much, you know.3238.2828 
2792 3238.6651Uh,3239.1425 
2794 3239.6742back in the sixties you know we had places like um,3242.1111 
2796 3242.7107Hot Shoppes Jr. Hot Shoppes- Hot Shoppes Jr. used to- that later became3246.5324 
2798 3246.9468um,3247.6734 
2800 3249.6438I believe it later became uh, places like Kentucky Fried Chicken.3252.8059 
2801DCB_int_013252.9209Mm.3253.2449
2802DCB_se1_ag4_m_013253.3499You know I'm not really sure but Hot Shoppes Jr. was-3255.2032
2804 3255.7044was a- was a little restaurant type place we used to go to we used to get our lunch and everything.3259.7084 
2806 3260.1368Then they had K- Kentucky Fried Chicken but the- back then it was-3262.8114 
2808 3263.1396it wasn't KFC it was Kentucky Fried Chicken.3264.9007 
2810 3265.0030You know.3265.3750 
2812 3265.7440Then they had Wings-N-Things.3266.9737 
2814 3267.0615Wings-N-Things was where everybody went.3268.6641 
2816 3269.0308DC they went to- up U Street, you know U Street was the quarter where people went to3272.8477 
2818 3273.1938the Lincoln, the Republic, and the Booker T.3274.7713 
2820 3274.9500You know later on in later years3276.6269 
2822 3276.8950after the riots Booker T was no longer,3278.7103 
2824 3278.9326then the Republic3279.6700 
2826 3280.0649stood for a while, then all of a sudden those are- these aren't there anymore there's only the Lincoln, you know.3284.2092 
2828 3284.7362Well we used to go to Lincoln, Republic, Booker T, whichever we wanted to g- go- whichever one we wanted to go to whichever had the movie that we wanted to see.3290.9465 
2830 3291.3134Then they had places like the Howard Theatre,3292.9952 
2832 3293.3462with the shows used to go and we all- you know, James Brown,3295.9951 
2834 3296.3308Gene Chandler,3297.2424 
2836 3297.3447uh, Marvelettes, Temptations3298.8900 
2838 3299.2702you know you name it. Y- any big name that you could think of3301.8247 
2840 3302.1459came to the Howard Theatre you know so uh, basically we used to go to Howard Theatre3305.0159 
2842 3305.2803Jewel- Ja- uh, Jewel Box Revue.3307.0449 
2844 3307.4885Um,3307.9512 
2846 3308.3770uh, lot of people-3309.1384 
2848 3309.3958lot of groups came through the Howard.3310.4439 
2850 3310.6925Uh,3311.0685 
2852 3312.0233/we- we-/ went to places like on Seventh Street, Alamo Theater, you know that was another place /you had/ ro- roach infested.3317.1315 
2854 3317.4191You know co- big cockroaches as big as your hand.3318.9938 
2856 3319.4860Um,3319.8393 
2858 3320.7011So yeah we had a lot of fun you know I mean DC- uh, like I say3323.8331 
2860 3324.1329it's changed over the years we used to have a lot of time, we used to- we used to go to the movies, movies was like t- a quarter3328.2910 
2862 3328.5360or fifty cent.3329.1120 
2864 3329.4671But we would go into the movie house and then we open the side door and let our friends in.3332.3445 
2866 3333.3584You can't do that anymore, you can't go into the theater like that you know.3335.4838 
2868 3335.7178We could go to a movie and watch a movie3337.5629 
2870 3337.8006over and over again.3338.5854 
2872 3338.6683You know you could stay in the movie and watch it seven times if you want to.3340.9106 
2874 3341.3006You know now, you- you go in the movie once3342.9336 
2876 3343.1251you out of there, you know.3344.1131 
2878 3344.9092So it was a different world.3345.8065 
2879DCB_int_013346.0645It's a different-3346.7005
2881 3347.1077um, last thing do you- when you say the city is changing what-3350.5895 
2883 3350.9844what does that mean to you? Like when you look at DC3353.6777 
2885 3354.0860and think about3354.7953 
2887 3355.6069fifty years ago and where you see now, what do you- what- what does it mean to you when you say the city is changing?3360.5438 
2888DCB_se1_ag4_m_013360.7071Uh, city's changing uh, gentrification.3362.5888
2890 3362.8130You know.3363.1437 
2892 3363.6417It's not Chocolate City,3364.6312 
2894 3364.7824it's- it's-3365.2304 
2896 3366.1632it's- it's /vanillawill-/ vanillaville.3367.9279 
2898 3368.0351You know.3368.3724 
2900 3368.5031That's what I call now, vanillaville, you know because now3371.2196 
2902 3371.5998all the whites that moved back in, you know uh, upper scale whites you know with the- with- you know3375.8799 
2904 3376.2614the- the income disparities you know between blacks and whites it's- it's- it's such- so- so- so far apart3381.3518 
2906 3381.7564you know in terms of low income to h- to- to hi- medium high income.3385.4866 
2908 3385.9159Um,3386.4079 
2910 3387.3637the accommodations for whites is greater you know, more condos you know more- more living-3391.7851 
2912 3392.1160living uh- uh- uh, conditions and better living experience3395.2114 
2914 3395.5137you know because of their incomes.3396.8070 
2916 3397.1711Uh,3397.5617 
2918 3398.0241more accommodations for- for- th- for- for night life3401.2769 
2920 3401.5840for whites you know although blacks do participate.3403.7600 
2922 3404.1543Blacks do involve themselves in it.3405.8360 
2924 3406.1090Still,3406.6717 
2926 3406.9864there's more diversity but at the same time there's-3409.6825 
2928 3410.0703there are more whites you know3411.6890 
2930 3411.8301taking advantage of the- of the3413.2274 
2932 3413.9227opportunities here and the fun here3415.9270 
2934 3416.2284than there are blacks, you [know.]3417.7804 
2935DCB_int_013417.5769[Mm-hm.]3418.0622
2936DCB_se1_ag4_m_013417.9669[So] I mean there is disparities still, you know.3420.1117
2937 3420.4153So now it's no longer chocolate city it's not the sleepy town it used to be, it used to be a s-3423.6911
2939 3423.9787sleepy /t-/ sleepy town at night time,3425.9546 
2941 3426.3199on U Street or any- uh, other quarters of the city3429.1228 
2943 3429.4640you know, eleven thirty, twelve thirty at night, one o'clock at night, one o'clock in the morning,3433.5308 
2945 3433.8721you know two o'clock in the morning streets would be like hey.3436.2029 
2947 3436.5855Relatively you know3437.7148 
2949 3437.9114empty you know.3438.6594 
2951 3439.1070But now because of like, development3440.9643 
2953 3441.1885you know and3441.7672 
2955 3442.1147productivity and3443.0920 
2957 3443.5527you know more bars,3444.8104 
2959 3445.3285more clubs,3446.2546 
2961 3446.4253you know more night spots,3447.5854 
2963 3447.9656you know,3448.3923 
2965 3448.5812more hang out spots and the eat-in restaurants you know,3451.0283 
2967 3451.3451more eating out.3452.2705 
2969 3452.6041Uh, it's- it's- it's like bec- it's becoming a city that- that's- that's-3456.4454 
2971 3456.7915gradually becoming a city that- that- that's- that- that doesn't sleep.3459.3799 
2973 3459.5359You [know.]3459.8612 
2974DCB_int_013459.6968[Mm-hm.]3460.0560
2975DCB_se1_ag4_m_013460.1612Not there yet.3460.8047
2977 3461.2531Not there yet but getting there, you [know.]3462.7789 
2978DCB_int_013462.6132[Getting there?]3463.0226
2979DCB_se1_ag4_m_013462.9495[It's] still a lot of3463.6905
2980 3464.0756places people hang out late3465.1626
2982 3465.3687you know.3465.7287 
2984 3466.2803Especially3466.8409 
2986 3467.2649Thursday, Friday, Saturday nights people are hanging out Sundays, drinking they- they- they-3470.9782 
2988 3471.2976you know going into the spots on Sundays and drinking, you know.3473.8443 
2990 3474.2322So,3474.5869 
2992 3475.0330it's a town that there's- that there's always something-3476.9292 
2994 3477.1583it's always something going on but-3478.2113 
2996 3478.6159but still the blacks have been disenfranchised you know.3481.1825 
2998 3481.5030You know when you talk about low income housing, f- affordable housing,3484.1826 
3000 3484.4522what's affordable? You know.3485.6527 
3002 3485.9500Is affordable3486.6959 
3004 3487.0663uh, affordable for people that make you know3489.5329 
3006 3489.6402nine thousand, twelve thousand a year?3491.6935 
3008 3492.0642You know,3492.4229 
3010 3492.6541fifteen thousand a year or less than fifteen thousand a year, no.3494.9274 
3012 3495.0865It's not affordable, you know.3496.2564 
3014 3496.5892People have been moved out, people have been shifted,3498.5910 
3016 3498.9907they've been displaced you know and so3500.9856 
3018 3501.4426you know that- that's w- that's a change in Washington, you know.3503.8667 
3020 3503.9921That's a changing demographic and you know you can call it3506.2708 
3022 3506.6794you know crap or get off the pot you know but like hey,3508.8340 
3024 3509.1606people are not gonna matriculate to3511.2274 
3026 3511.5213you know being one day3513.0080 
3028 3513.6271uh, poor3514.3698 
3030 3514.6021to all of a sudden being affluent.3515.9381 
3032 3516.2608You know it's a process, you know.3517.6257 
3034 3518.0547Opportunities but then again it's also coming upon3520.8207 
3036 3521.2392those people that3522.0325 
3038 3522.4335have3522.9135 
3040 3523.0135uh, access to opportunities to take advantage of that opportunity you know.3526.3394 
3042 3526.6270They have programs for young, they have programs for youth,3528.7941 
3044 3529.0351they have literacy programs for youth, you know they wanna3531.2324 
3046 3531.5566go back to school they wanna get into a particular school, they have-3533.9993 
3048 3534.2718they uh, t- the city used to offer like uh,3536.2962 
3050 3536.8714pay uh,3537.5994 
3052 3537.7976partial tuition payments for like uh, r- DC residents.3540.4006 
3054 3540.6457People didn't take advantage of that like they should have, you know,3542.7541 
3056 3543.0879uh,3543.5772 
3058 3543.9166affordable- I mean um,3544.8867 
3060 3545.0573the um, American Hope Act you know w- uh,3546.8902 
3062 3547.1826President Obama instituted.3548.2906 
3064 3548.6366Go to college, undergrad, four years you get3550.6304 
3066 3550.9765uh,3551.3258 
3068 3551.7724first year thirty- thirty five hundred back t- uh,3554.2195 
3070 3554.3560tax credit.3554.9409 
3072 3555.3065Next three years, twenty-five hundred dollars you know, they- they /done/ haven't taken advantage of that you know, so.3559.6463 
3074 3559.9242I did.3560.3336 
3076 3560.4604You know I went to school I m- I just got my degree.3562.5175 
3078 3563.0732Went back to school um,3564.3199 
3080 3565.0829two-thousand nine,3566.0242 
3082 3566.5307got my uh,3567.3301 
3084 3567.6665diploma in uh,3568.7145 
3086 3569.8012addictions counseling,3571.0557 
3088 3571.1776then I went to /RD-SCHOOL-6/ two-thousand nine and got my associates degree in May- May sixteenth in social science, and working on my bachelors now.3578.0748 
3090 3578.4665You know I took advantage of that- that American Hope Act,3580.5591 
3092 3580.6907you know, so3581.2123 
3094 3581.4951opportunity is there, we as a people have to take advantage of it, we don't take advantage of it3585.2017 
3096 3585.4936you know we're to blame for not taking advantage of it, so.3587.7220 
3098 3588.1503You know I wouldn't say that people just being displaced3590.6937 
3100 3591.1447without looking at the fact that3592.5340 
3102 3592.8216you know3593.2311 
3104 3594.0939there are opportunities here that we need to take advantage of and /then ?/ until we3597.6245 
3106 3598.0388take advantage of 'em we're gonna continue to be shifted around, moved and forced out3601.8863 
3108 3602.2763you know of the- of the culture you know, so.3604.6843 
3110 3605.9677[That's what-]3606.4624 
3111DCB_int_013606.0701[What's your-]3606.4607
3112 3606.6161what's your favorite book? Or TV show?3608.6811
3114 3608.8097Or movie?3609.5214 
3116 3609.7261And why?3610.2295 
3117DCB_se1_ag4_m_013610.4879My favorite- I- I- I-3612.1145
3119 3612.7936I could say my favorite TV show is uh-3615.3218 
3121 3616.8538no, I'm gonna say my favorite movie-3618.7298 
3123 3620.5749well let me think on that one for a second, cause I have- I have like three or four.3623.5922 
3125 3624.5035But3624.8288 
3127 3626.1414think my favorite movie was Shawshank Redemption.3628.4956 
3129 3631.9582Why are you laughing?3632.5675 
3130DCB_int_013632.9087I- cause I love that movie.3634.1956
3131DCB_se1_ag4_m_013634.1810Yeah, Shawshank Redemption man, [I could w-]3635.9957
3132DCB_int_013635.6301[Why do] you love it?3636.6088
3133DCB_se1_ag4_m_013636.7513Huh?3637.0934
3134DCB_int_013637.1754Why do you love it? [Why's it your favorite?]3638.5101
3135DCB_se1_ag4_m_013637.7262[Becau-]3638.2742
3136 3639.1009because it showed me that-3640.6510
3138 3640.8376that someone that faced so much adversity3643.2030 
3140 3644.6935and been wrongfully accused, wrongfully imprisoned3647.8003 
3142 3649.0040was able to3649.9134 
3144 3651.0137hold out3651.9071 
3146 3652.4176and eventually come out3653.8215 
3148 3654.2456on top.3654.6785 
3150 3655.6265You know.3655.9921 
3152 3656.6161Come out- come out of it3657.6836 
3154 3657.8396not unscathed,3658.6969 
3156 3658.9803you know,3659.3390 
3158 3659.9552you know not- not- not scarred,3661.5619 
3160 3661.7309but- but- but at least3663.0276 
3162 3663.3640got the last laugh, you know.3665.0018 
3163DCB_int_013665.3054Mm-hm.3665.9196
3164DCB_se1_ag4_m_013665.8758You know.3666.2170
3165 3666.4120And that- that's- I'm- I'm like a-3667.9586
3167 3668.2838I'm a uh-3668.9465 
3169 3670.2434I'm a stickler for like the underdog.3671.8437 
3171 3671.9607You know the person that they say can't make it,3673.6700 
3173 3674.0324you know.3674.3577 
3175 3675.0220Like uh, when I look at teams like the Redskins I look at3677.6977 
3177 3678.2193teams that are really struggling, you know those are the teams I really root for.3681.5724 
3179 3681.8558You know, New Orleans Saints,3682.8649 
3181 3683.1427they lost three games.3684.1881 
3183 3684.4248You know.3684.8048 
3185 3685.2694They played the Dallas Cowboys the other night,3686.6148 
3187 3686.7172and I just say to myself I say, they gonna win,3688.2576 
3189 3688.4526you know.3688.7739 
3191 3689.2228When- when- when you're- when you're at the lowest level in your life, even me,3692.6468 
3193 3693.0556you know,3693.4383 
3195 3693.5821somebody that was counted out years ago3695.2443 
3197 3695.6064being HIV positive, being a drug addict for like thirty two years, shooting heroin twenty eight years,3699.8213 
3199 3700.1119you know,3700.5239 
3201 3700.8626uh, living with you know four or five different medical conditions, Hepatitis C, hiatal hernia, uh, hyperthyroidism,3706.2497 
3203 3706.5527you know3706.8988 
3205 3707.3083living with a lot of different issues medically,3709.2510 
3207 3709.5458uh,3710.0604 
3209 3710.5841pretty much3710.9754 
3211 3711.1753drop out from-3711.7748 
3213 3711.8772drop out from high school going on to get my uh, GED.3714.3799 
3215 3714.7630eventually going to get my uh, diploma in biblical studies3717.3351 
3217 3717.4569you know from /RD-SCHOOL-10/.3719.1009 
3219 3719.4276Going to /RD-SCHOOL-2/ becoming the valedictorian of my class at /RD-SCHOOL-2/.3722.4756 
3221 3722.7960Uh, being the valedictorian of my class in uh,3724.7639 
3223 3725.1908g- uh,3725.6308 
3225 3725.8343/RD-SCHOOL-7/ you know addictions counseling program, I was the valedictorian.3729.4123 
3227 3729.7535Uh, going on to /RD-SCHOOL-6/ get my associates degree, working on my bachelors degree.3733.3709 
3229 3733.6741Somebody that really even counted themselves out feeling like, hey you know what?3736.8021 
3231 3736.9902I'm never gonna amount to anything.3738.1315 
3233 3738.4282You know.3738.7909 
3235 3739.2716But see,3739.7298 
3237 3739.8760I f- I refuse to believe that.3741.1239 
3239 3741.4957So3741.8731 
3241 3742.5682you know,3742.8908 
3243 3743.0264my- my- my-3744.1303 
3245 3744.7081my purpose in life is like really reaching out to help people,3746.8300 
3247 3746.9421giving back what was given to me3748.2485 
3249 3748.6043but only by God.3749.5354 
3251 3749.7206You know God allowed me to get where I'm at today, you know.3752.1740 
3253 3752.3592/unintelligible/ It was all- there was-3753.7693 
3255 3753.9922Even when I found out I was HIV positive3755.6740 
3257 3755.8898people say, do you think you're gonna die? I never thought I was gonna die.3758.1565 
3259 3758.4295I always thought I was gonna live, you know.3759.6871 
3261 3760.0674Always believed I was gonna live,3761.2967 
3263 3761.5896I was gonna beat it, even though my brother didn't beat it.3763.4045 
3265 3763.8173You know I didn't feel that was the c- my- my fate.3765.5053 
3267 3765.7818You [know, so.]3766.4740 
3268DCB_int_013766.0061[Mm.]3766.3229
3269DCB_se1_ag4_m_013766.8897Always believed in myself, always believed in God, always believed that you know uh,3770.6033
3271 3771.4927God's powers gonna keep me and- and bring me through.3773.5889 
3273 3773.7692You know cause my- my moth- my mother had faith you know and so r- I r- I really pretty much model myself /to- as/ my mother.3779.1070 
3275 3779.4349Funny thing about me was this,3780.7365 
3277 3781.9095I knew early on-3782.6881 
3279 3783.1135my mother named me m-3784.0446 
3281 3784.1616/RD-NAME-3/3784.6936 
3283 3784.8782because a lady in the hospital, white lady3786.4965 
3285 3786.6734of all people3787.2193 
3287 3787.6434gave my mother that name3788.6693 
3289 3788.8036and told her to name me that.3789.8322 
3291 3789.9589My mother said, why you want me to name me- name me- name me that?3791.9868 
3293 3792.3781Said, because he's gonna be very fortunate, he's gonna be able to do things that other people can't do he's gonna be able to find things that people can't find.3797.4101 
3295 3797.7659Believe it or not when I worked at the Patent Office in nineteen eighty three,3800.2520 
3297 3800.9491there were files that had been missing for five years, ten years, twenty years.3803.7924 
3299 3803.9971You know, I worked at Patent Office I used to work in the fr- in the- in the warehouse.3806.5674 
3301 3807.4936I used to pull files, every day we would get a whole list of files to pull and I would pull files, I would find files.3812.1247 
3303 3812.7937My brother said, man how you finding these files? So what he would do,3815.2213 
3305 3815.5346instead of me pulling files, he would give me a list of files that were missing for years and say,3819.5952 
3307 3819.9608find these files.3820.7486 
3309 3821.8375And I would find 'em.3822.5457 
3311 3823.1599You know.3823.5252 
3313 3823.9155He would- he would g- and then3824.8768 
3315 3825.1731when I was out and using drugs and the young boys that had their s-3827.7762 
3317 3827.8981crack cocaine stashed different places,3829.2679 
3319 3829.5909people used to come get me and say3830.7413 
3321 3830.9461they wanna walk with me, I say, why you wanna walk with me? They say, cause you gonna find something.3833.7003 
3323 3834.3402You know.3834.6415 
3325 3834.9934I would find drugs.3835.9683 
3327 3836.1341You know..3836.4412 
3329 3836.7434/Well/ I would go, I would stick my hand in bushes,3838.5714 
3331 3838.8865walk somewhere,3839.5678 
3333 3839.8419I would find drugs, even when I told them I wouldn't find anything, I said, I'm not gonna find anything, I would still find stuff.3844.6351 
3335 3845.6831You know.3846.0431 
3337 3846.2548So they start calling me radar, cause they say I have ra- I- I knew-3848.6708 
3339 3849.3015I- you know, I- every- anything was on my radar I was gonna find it you know, so.3852.4348 
3341 3853.4317That's- that's- that's- that's- that's the amazing thing about me living you know, feeling like, hey you know what?3857.4581 
3343 3857.7763God has a purpose for me you know.3859.2436 
3345 3859.4678Even though I did all the stuff I did and all the years I did it,3861.7758 
3347 3862.1746you know God allowed me to survive and get to this point,3864.6071 
3349 3864.9532you know, and he's not done with me. A lot of people say,3866.8299 
3351 3867.1579God not finished with me yet, but yet still they don't know what their purpose is you know my purpose is to like,3870.7164 
3353 3870.9942serve God, the Bible says this, it says that3873.2569 
3355 3874.2111uh, this is the whole duty of man to fear God and keep his commandments. You know so that's my duty, my- my duty is to fear God, keep his commandments and you know help him serve people you know, that's what3882.3970 
3357 3882.5920/about-/3882.9088 
3359 3883.1428you can't-3883.6108 
3361 3883.8204they say a closed fist3885.0342 
3363 3885.1658you know,3885.5578 
3365 3886.2103can't receive anything.3887.1170 
3367 3887.3900So you know,3887.8553 
3369 3888.1846I always say too,3888.9548 
3371 3889.2277homeless people out here begging and panhandling you know they're not gonna get anything3892.0037 
3373 3892.2026you know uh, really out of life until they decide to give up themselves, until they decide to3895.9630 
3375 3896.2730not always look to receive but look to give.3898.3817 
3377 3899.0724You know,3899.4404 
3379 3899.5696when you give that's when you receive. The Bible says3901.6316 
3381 3901.9387give and it shall be given unto you, pressed down, shaken together, running over, shall men give into your bosom.3905.7325 
3383 3906.5027So you know,3907.0101 
3385 3907.1816so you can't get anything unless you're willing to give.3909.0438 
3386DCB_int_013909.5458Mm-hm.3910.0205
3387DCB_se1_ag4_m_013910.8669You know.3911.2418